hibernate进阶 （7）多对一映射

多对一的关系和关系数据库中的外键参照关系最匹配，即在己方的表中的一个外键参照另外一个表的主键

通过在多方持有一方的引用实现，需要在“多”的一端使用<many-to-one>配置

首先说明一下下面几个名词的区别

单向多对一（多方定义一个一方的引用但是，一方没有多方的引用）学生类定义一个对班级对象属性

单向一对多（一方定义多方的引用，多方没有定义一方的引用）一个班级有多个学生对象，班级类定义一个集合属性，集合里面是学生对象

双向多对一（即：双方都要有对方的引用：都需要配置关联关系）

下面还是以班级学生为例演示单向多对一

第一步：在多方（学生）定义一个一方的引用：即Student类中的一个属性是Grade班级类的对象

在Student类中增加      

//在多方定义一个一方的引用
private Grade grade;

在Student类的映射文件中增加多对一的映射关系(注意这文件用hibernate tools自动生成有些小问题，需要改一下:column name="GID"要改为GID)

<many-to-one name="grade" class="com.edu.hpu.model.Grade" access="field" fetch="join">
            <column name="GID" />
        </many-to-one>

Student类：

package com.edu.hpu.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Student{
	private int sid;
	private String sname;
	private String sex;
	//在多方定义一个一方的引用
	private Grade grade;
	public Student(){

	}

	public Student(String sname, String sex) {
		super();
		this.sname = sname;
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public int getSid() {
		return sid;
	}
	public void setSid(int sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}
	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}
	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public Grade getGrade() {
		return grade;
	}

	public void setGrade(Grade grade) {
		this.grade = grade;
	}


}

Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2016-11-14 20:07:30 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.edu.hpu.model.Student" table="STUDENT">
        <id name="sid" type="int">
            <column name="SID" />
            <generator class="increment" />
        </id>
        <property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="SNAME" />
        </property>
        <property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="SEX" />
        </property>
        <many-to-one name="grade" class="com.edu.hpu.model.Grade" access="field" fetch="join">
            <column name="GID" />
        </many-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Grade类：

package com.edu.hpu.model;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;


public class Grade{
	private int gid;
	private String gname;
	private String gdesc;//班级详细信息

	public Grade() {
		super();
	}
	public Grade( String gname, String gdesc) {
		super();
		this.gname = gname;
		this.gdesc = gdesc;
	}

	public Grade(int gid, String gname, String gdesc) {
		super();
		this.gid = gid;
		this.gname = gname;
		this.gdesc = gdesc;
		
	}
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return super.equals(obj);
	}
	@Override
	protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.finalize();
	}
	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return super.hashCode();
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return super.toString();
	}
	public int getGid() {
		return gid;
	}
	public void setGid(int gid) {
		this.gid = gid;
	}
	public String getGname() {
		return gname;
	}
	public void setGname(String gname) {
		this.gname = gname;
	}
	public String getGdesc() {
		return gdesc;
	}
	public void setGdesc(String gdesc) {
		this.gdesc = gdesc;
	}
}

Grade.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2016-11-14 20:07:30 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.edu.hpu.model.Grade" table="GRADE">
		<id name="gid" type="int">
			<column name="GID" />
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="gname" type="java.lang.String">
			<column name="GNAME" />
		</property>
		<property name="gdesc" type="java.lang.String">
			<column name="GDESC" />
		</property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

测试方法：

public class test {
	private  Session session;
	private  Transaction tr;

	@Before
	public  void init() {
		session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
		tr = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	@Test
	public  void add() {
		Grade g = new Grade("Java一班", "Java一班软件开发");
		Student stu1 = new Student("小明", "男");
		Student stu2 = new Student("小芳", "女");
		//设置关联关系
		stu1.setGrade(g);
		stu2.setGrade(g);
		session.save(g);
		session.save(stu1);
		session.save(stu2);
	}

	@After
	public  void destory() {
		tr.commit();
		HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
	}

}

运行测试成功