【字符串】单词替换

题目描述

给定一个数组：dictionary[]、一个句子：sentence；如果sentence的单词词根是：dictionary；那么使用dictionary中最短的词根进行替换。

示例1:

输入：

dictionary = ["cat","bat","rat"], sentence = "the cattle was rattled by the battery"

输出："the cat was rat by the bat"

解题思路

1. 对sentence做遍历操作，如果遇到空格或者已经结束，则获取一个单词。

2. 对这个单词和dictionary中的词根做遍历，选择最小长度的词根，替换当前单词。

3. 构造完成新的句子后，返回该句子。

代码实现

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

class Solution {
    public String replaceWords(List<String> dictionary, String sentence) {

        StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();

        for (int i = 0; i < sentence.length(); ) {
            int start = i;
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            while (start < sentence.length() && sentence.charAt(start) != ' ') {
                sb.append(sentence.charAt(start));
                start++;
            }

            String s = sb.toString();
            int minLength = s.length();
            for (String d : dictionary) {
                if (s.startsWith(d) && d.length() < minLength) {
                    s = d;
                    minLength = s.length();
                }
            }
            res.append(s);

            i = start;
            if (i >= sentence.length()) {
                break;
            }
            if (sentence.charAt(i) == ' ') {
                res.append(' ');
                i++;
            }
        }
        return res.toString();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Solution solution = new Solution();

        System.out.println(solution.replaceWords(Arrays.asList("cat", "bat", "rat"), "the cattle was rattled by the battery"));
    }
}

总结

这道题也可以采用HashSet来做比较，新的代码执行效率和老代码执行效率相似，其他高效率方法欢迎给出思路；HashSet的实现代码如下：

    public String replaceWords(List<String> dictionary, String sentence) {

        StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
        Set<String> set = new HashSet<>(dictionary);

        for (int i = 0; i < sentence.length(); ) {
            int start = i;
            boolean find = false;
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            while (start < sentence.length() && sentence.charAt(start) != ' ') {
                sb.append(sentence.charAt(start));

                if(!find && set.contains(sb.toString())) {
                    res.append(sb);
                    find = true;
                }
                start++;
            }

            if(!find) {
                res.append(sb);
            }


            i = start;
            if (i >= sentence.length()) {
                break;
            }
            if (sentence.charAt(i) == ' ') {
                res.append(' ');
                i++;
            }
        }
        return res.toString();
    }