Java序列化之Externalizable

前篇介绍了标识了transient与static的变量是不被序列化的，以下介绍更为灵活控制对象序列化和反序列化的方法，甚至可以控制序列化非本类的数据。

一、接口介绍

当对象继承了java.io.Externalizable接口时，可以更灵活得控制整个序列化与反序列化的过程。以下是java.io.Externalizable接口的关系图：

从上图中可以看出，java.io.Externalizable接口继承了java.io.Serializable接口，以此可知实现了java.io.Externalizable接口后，类可以被序列化和反序列化。

java.io.Externalizable源代码

public interface Externalizable extends java.io.Serializable { /** * The object implements the writeExternal method to save its contents * by calling the methods of DataOutput for its primitive values or * calling the writeObject method of ObjectOutput for objects, strings, * and arrays. * * @serialData Overriding methods should use this tag to describe * the data layout of this Externalizable object. * List the sequence of element types and, if possible, * relate the element to a public/protected field and/or * method of this Externalizable class. * * @param out the stream to write the object to * @exception IOException Includes any I/O exceptions that may occur */ void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException; /** * The object implements the readExternal method to restore its * contents by calling the methods of DataInput for primitive * types and readObject for objects, strings and arrays. The * readExternal method must read the values in the same sequence * and with the same types as were written by writeExternal. * * @param in the stream to read data from in order to restore the object * @exception IOException if I/O errors occur * @exception ClassNotFoundException If the class for an object being * restored cannot be found. */ void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException; }

以上代码可以看出，java.io.Externalizable接口声明了两个方法writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)和readExternal(ObjectInput in)。

writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)：当对象进行序列化时，此方法会被执行，该对象需要序列化哪些数据可在此方法进行实现。

readExternal(ObjectInput in)：当对象进行反序列化时，此方法会被执行，需要反序列哪些字段在此方法中实现。

二、实践

实现java.io.Externalizable的类

public class User implements Externalizable{     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String loginName;     private String password;     private String name;     private String sex;     public User() {     }     public User(String loginName, String password, String name, String sex) {         this.loginName = loginName;         this.password = password;         this.name = name;         this.sex = sex;     }     public String getLoginName() {         return loginName;     }     public void setLoginName(String loginName) {         this.loginName = loginName;     }     public String getPassword() {         return password;     }     public void setPassword(String password) {         this.password = password;     }     public String getName() {         return name;     }     public void setName(String name) {         this.name = name;     }     public String getSex() {         return sex;     }     public void setSex(String sex) {         this.sex = sex;     }     @Override     public String toString() {         return "User{" +             "loginName='" + loginName + '\'' +             ", password='" + password + '\'' +             ", name='" + name + '\'' +             ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +             '}';     }     public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {         System.out.println("开始序列化-------------------------");         out.writeObject(loginName);         out.writeObject(name);         out.writeObject(sex);         out.writeObject(new Date());//不存在当前类也可以被序列化     }     public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {         System.out.println("开始反序列化------------------------");         this.loginName = (String) in.readObject();         this.name = (String)in.readObject();         this.sex = (String)in.readObject();         System.out.println(((Date)in.readObject()).toString());     } }

序列化代码片段

public void externalizable(){     try {         User user = new User("login.test", "123456", "test", "男");         ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("User.txt"));         oos.writeObject(user);         oos.flush();         oos.close();     } catch (IOException e) {         e.printStackTrace();     } }

控制台结果

开始序列化-------------------------

序列化后文件：

反序列化代码片段

public void dexternalizable(){     try {         ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("User.txt"));         User user = (User)ois.readObject();         System.out.println(user);     } catch (IOException e) {         e.printStackTrace();     } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {         e.printStackTrace();     } }

控制台结果

开始反序列化------------------------ Tue Oct 25 23:07:34 CST 2016 User{loginName='login.test', password='null', name='test', sex='男'}

以上结果可以看出：

1、序列化时，执行了writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)方法；

2、反序列化时，执行了readExternal(ObjectInput in)方法；

3、writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)方法中序列化了当前日期，在反序列化时成功获得了日期数据。

4、password字段并没有被序列化。

注意点：

1、在序列化方法中，写入了几个字段且写入的顺序，在反序列化方法中必须按照序列化方法中的顺序及数量获取，否则有可能出现反序列化数据类型不对或sex字段的值给赋值到name字段上。

2、如以上例子，若反序列化方法中没有反序列sex字段，那么就无法取得Date数据。