学习笔记-android入门

Android

定义字符串、颜色、图片

• 其他地方可以引用

• src\main\res\values\strings.xml

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">myapp</string>
    <string name="textViewText">hello</string>
</resources>

• src\main\res\values\colors.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <color name="purple_200">#FFBB86FC</color>
    <color name="purple_500">#FF6200EE</color>
    <color name="purple_700">#FF3700B3</color>
    <color name="teal_200">#FF03DAC5</color>
    <color name="teal_700">#FF018786</color>
    <color name="black">#FF000000</color>
    <color name="white">#FFFFFFFF</color>
    <color name="red">#FFFF0000</color>
</resources>

• src\main\res\drawable\btn_selector.xml
  • 背景图片选择器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/ic_baseline_accessibility_24" android:state_pressed="true"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/ic_baseline_account_circle_24" />
</selector>

• src\main\res\color\btn_color_selector.xml
  • 颜色选择器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:color="@color/red" android:state_pressed="true"/>
    <item android:color="@color/white" />
</selector>

• src\main\res\drawable、bg_username.xml
  • 定义背景样式
  • strock
    • 框定义
  • corners
    • 形状

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <stroke
        android:width="1dp"
        android:color="@color/white"
        />
    <corners
        android:radius="10dp"
        />
</shape>

控件

LinearLayout

• 线性布局
• android:layout_height=“match_parent”
  • 高度与父控件一致
• android:layout_width=“match_parent”
• 宽度与父控件一致
• android:orientation=“vertical”
  • vertical
    • 内部控件垂直排列
  • horizontal
    • 内部控件水平排列
• android:padding=“10dp”
  • 相对四周10pd空格
• android:background=“@drawable/ic_launcher_background”
  • 背景

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="10dp"
    android:background="@drawable/ic_launcher_background"
    android:gravity="center">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@color/black"/>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@color/red"/>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@color/black"/>
</LinearLayout>

RelativeLayout

• 相对布局
  • 需要指明相对位置
    • android:layout_centerInParent=“true”
    • android:layout_toRightOf=“@id/r1”
    • android:layout_toLeftOf=“@id/r1”
    • android:layout_below=“@id/r1”
• android:id=“@+id/r1”
  • 添加id

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent">

    <RelativeLayout
        android:id="@+id/r1"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@color/black"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"/>
    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@color/red"
        android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/r1"/>
    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@color/black"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/r1"/>
</RelativeLayout>

TextView

• android:text=“@string/textViewText”
  • 显示的文本
• android:textColor=“@color/black”
  • 文本颜色
• android:textSize=“20sp”
  • 文字大小，单位sp
• android:maxEms=“10”
• 超过10自动换行
• android:maxLines=“1”
  • 最多1行
• android:ellipsize=“end”
  • 超过限制以以"…"结尾
• android:gravity=“center”
  • 文字相对TextView布局
• android:layout_gravity=“center”
  • TextView相对父控件布局

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="@string/textViewText"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:background="@color/red"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:maxEms="10"
        android:maxLines="1"
        android:ellipsize="end"
        tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />

• java

//根据id获取textView
TextView myTextView = findViewById(R.id.mtTextView);

EditText

• android:hint=“用户名”
  • 显示文字
• android:maxLines=“1”
  • 最多1行
• android:inputType=“textPassword”
  • 输入类型

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editText1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:hint="用户名"
        android:maxLines="1"
        android:padding="5dp"
        android:textSize="16sp"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editText2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:hint="密码"
        android:maxLines="1"
        android:padding="5dp"
        android:textSize="16sp"
        android:inputType="textPassword"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>

        EditText editText = findViewById(R.id.editText2);
        editText.getText().toString();

Button

• extend TextView

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/login"
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:text="登录"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:background="@color/white"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        />

• 权重分配大小
  • android:layout_width=“0dp”
    • 必须是0dp
  • android:layout_weight=“1”

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp">
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/login"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="登录"
            android:textColor="@color/white"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:background="@drawable/bg_username"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:layout_margin="20dp"
            />
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/register"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="注册"
            android:textColor="@color/white"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:background="@drawable/bg_username"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:layout_margin="20dp"
            />
    </LinearLayout>

ImageView

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/imageView"
            android:layout_width="200dp"
            android:layout_height="200dp"
            android:scaleType="centerCrop"
            android:maxHeight="200dp"
            android:maxWidth="200dp"
            android:src="@drawable/ic_baseline_account_circle_24"
            tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />

ProgressBar

• 显示与隐藏
  • progressBar.getVisiblity()
  • progressBar.setVisibility
    • View.VISIBLE
    • View.GONE
• 进度条
  • progressBar.setProgress()
    • int

        <ProgressBar
            android:id="@+id/progressBar"
            style="?android:attr/progressBarStyle"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="224dp"
            tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="151dp"
            tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />

Notification

• 通知公告

• 定义

        NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.O){
            NotificationChannel notificationChannel = new NotificationChannel("notification", "测试通知", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH);
            notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(notificationChannel);
        }

        Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this,"notification")
                .setContentTitle("访客通知")
                .setContentText("测试")
                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_baseline_accessibility_24)
                .build();

• 发送

notificationManager.notify(1,notification)

• 取消

notificationManager.cancel(1)

ToolBar

        <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
            android:background="#ffff00"
            app:navigationIcon="@drawable/ic_baseline_account_circle_24"
            app:title="标题"
            app:titleTextColor="@color/red"
            app:titleMarginStart="90dp"
            app:subtitle="子标题"
            app:subtitleTextColor="@color/black"
            app:logo="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
            tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />

AlertDialog

        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
        builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                .setTitle("弹出框")
                .setMessage("xxxx")
                .create()
                .show();

PopupWindow

        View popupView = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.popup_window,null);
        PopupWindow popupWindow = new PopupWindow(popupView,
                ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                true);
        popupWindow.showAsDropDown(xxx);

FrameLayout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent">

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/r1"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@color/black"
        android:foreground="@color/red">
    <FrameLayout
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@color/red"
        android:foregroundGravity="center"/>

</FrameLayout>

TableLayout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TableLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent">

    <TableRow>
        <Button>

        </Button>

    </TableRow>
    <TableRow>
        <Button>

        </Button>
    </TableRow>

</TableLayout>

GridLayout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<GridLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent">


    <Button>

    </Button>

</GridLayout>

ConstraintLayout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/mtTextView"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

ListView

Recylerview

ScrollView

• 只能包含一个控件
• 可以用LinearLayout

RadioGroup

• RadioGroup
  • RadioButton

CheckBox

事件

• 跳转

 // 声明控件
    private Button login;
    private Button register;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        // 找到控件
        login = findViewById(R.id.login);
        register.findViewById(R.id.register);

        // 跳转方法
        login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 设置意图
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,FunctionActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
        
    }

• 改进

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    // 声明控件
    private Button login;
    private EditText username;
    private EditText password;
//    private Button register;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        // 找到控件
        login = findViewById(R.id.login);
        username = findViewById(R.id.username);
        password = findViewById(R.id.password);
        login.setOnClickListener(this);
    }


    public void onClick(View v){
        // 设置意图
        Intent intent = null;
        // 获取输入的用户名和密码
        String name = username.getText().toString();
        String pass = password.getText().toString();
        String ok = "登录成功";
        String fail = "登录失败";
        if(name.equals("wx")&&pass.equals("1")){
            // toast 普通版
//            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),ok,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            ToastUtil.showMsg(getApplicationContext(),ok);
            // 跳转
            intent =  new Intent(MainActivity.this,FunctionActivity.class);
            startActivity(intent);
        }else{
            // 不正确
            // toast提升版
//            Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),fail,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
            ToastUtil.showMsg(getApplicationContext(),fail);
//            toast.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER,0,0);
//            toast.show();

        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onPointerCaptureChanged(boolean hasCapture) {

    }
}

public class ToastUtil {
    private static Toast toast;
    public static void showMsg(Context context, String msg){
        if(toast==null){
            toast = Toast.makeText(context,msg,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        }else{
            toast.setText(msg);
        }
        toast.show();
    }
}

• 改进

    private void setListener(){
        OnClick onClick = new OnClick();
        // 对每一个按钮setClick
        playButton.setOnClickListener(onClick);
        studyButton.setOnClickListener(onClick);
    }

    private class OnClick implements View.OnClickListener{
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            Intent intent = null;
            switch (v.getId()){
                case R.id.studyButton:intent = new Intent(SlideActivity.this,StudyActivity.class);break;
                case R.id.playButton:intent = new Intent(SlideActivity.this,PlayActivity.class);break;
            }
            startActivity(intent);
        }
    }

• 其他

Button btn = findViewById(R.id.button);
//点击事件
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {

    }
});
//长按事件
btn.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
    @Override
    public boolean onLongClick(View v) {
        return false;
    }
});

//触摸事件
btn.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
    @Override
    public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
        return false;
    }
});

动画

• 补帧
• 补间
• 属性

ViewPaper