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The story of a technology that peaked too early

一项技术过早达到顶峰的故事

The 1980s brought us a lot of new technology all at once. Some, like the VHS, became commonplace — others had trouble lasting.

1980年代一次为我们带来了许多新技术。 有些像VHS一样变得司空见惯-有些则难以持久。

LaserDisc was a technology that goes all the way back to the 50s and became commercially made in the late 70s. It was pushed in the 80s as being superior to the VCR, and even though it had advanced technology, there were many problems that lead to it eventually fading away.

LaserDisc技术可以追溯到50年代，并在70年代后期开始商业化生产。 它在80年代被推崇优于VCR，尽管它拥有先进的技术，但仍有许多问题导致它最终消失。

LaserDisc definitely had some massive problems with it, and I don’t think they considered the consumer's needs the same way VHS did. This would eventually lead to its downfall. It would compete against VHS and then the DVD — which ultimately took over from all of them.

LaserDisc肯定有一些严重的问题，我认为他们不像VHS那样考虑消费者的需求。 最终将导致其垮台。 它将与VHS竞争，然后与DVD竞争-最终被所有DVD取代。

Still, the LaserDisc remains a significant part of the 80s, even if it’s just from a novelty standpoint. No one really owned one, but everyone knew it.

尽管如此，LaserDisc仍然是80年代的重要组成部分，即使只是从新颖性的角度来看也是如此。 没有人真正拥有过，但每个人都知道。

Let’s check out all things LaserDisc.

让我们检查一下LaserDisc的所有内容。

什么是LaserDisc？ (What Was LaserDisc?)

LaserDisc was a record-sized disc that looked like a CD. It was 12 inches in diameter and made up of two-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. As much as it had a digital appearance, the LaserDisc was actually analog.

LaserDisc是一张大小如CD的唱片大小的光盘。 它的直径为12英寸，由两面铝制塑料盘组成。 尽管具有数字外观，但LaserDisc实际上是模拟的。

Like a CD or DVD, the surface comprised of little pits where the information was contained and accessed by laser. They used analog FM stereo sound and also digital audio. This way, the discs could store more information on them.

像CD或DVD一样，其表面由小凹坑组成，信息被激光束容纳和访问。 他们使用了模拟FM立体声和数字音频。 这样，光盘可以在其上存储更多信息。

LaserDisc的早期历史 (The Early History Of LaserDisc)

The invention of LaserDisc goes all the way back to 1958 and was called optical video recording technology. The patents were purchased by MCA in 1968. In 1969, Phillips had developed one of the first versions of the LaserDisc using a disc that used a reflective mode compared to the MCA transparent mode.

LaserDisc的发明可以追溯到1958年，被称为光学视频记录技术 。 专利是由MCA在1968年购买的。1969年，Phillips使用与MCA透明模式相比使用反射模式的光盘开发了LaserDisc的第一个版本。

There was a lot of technology and design to sort through, and in a rare move, Phillips and MCA joined forces to develop this format. They both displayed one of the very first versions in 1972.

有很多技术和设计需要分类，菲利普斯(Phillips)和马华(MCA)共同采取了罕见的举措来开发这种格式。 他们俩都在1972年展示了最早的版本之一。

LaserDisc would hit the market years later, though. The first ones were available in 1978 in Atlanta, Georgia. This is only a few years after the VHS VCR came out, so LaserDisc was technically the third format offered to the public, along with VHS and Beta.

不过，LaserDisc将在数年后投放市场。 第一批产品于1978年在佐治亚州的亚特兰大市推出。 仅在VHS VCR推出几年之后，因此从技术上讲，LaserDisc是VHS和Beta一起向公众提供的第三种格式。

It also set the stage for the compact disc that would come out about four years later.

它还为大约四年后问世的光盘奠定了基础。

Those first LaserDisc players were called the MCA DiscoVision, which is just hilarious. Pioneer electronics would help to set everything straight by purchasing a majority stake in the new format in 1980 and giving it a new name. They would call the format LaserVision, and the brand name would now become LaserDisc.

最初的LaserDisc播放器被称为MCA DiscoVision，这很有趣。 先锋电子公司将在1980年购买新格式的多数股权并为其重新命名，以帮助设置一切。 他们将其称为LaserVision格式，而品牌名称现在变成LaserDisc。

Phillips and MCA were still in the mix, though: Phillips focused on making the players and MCA would make the discs.

菲利普斯(Phillips)和MCA仍然处于混合状态：菲利普斯(Phillips)专注于制作播放器，而MCA则制作唱片。

早期使用新的LaserDisc (Early Use of the New LaserDisc)

The advanced technology of LaserDisc was not taken advantage of at first. When LaserDisc first came out, the Museum Of Science and Industry in Chicago would use them as data storage so that people could come in and look up newspapers on LaserDisc.

最初没有利用LaserDisc的先进技术。 当LaserDisc首次问世时，芝加哥科学与工业博物馆将其用作数据存储，以便人们可以进入并在LaserDisc上查找报纸。

At the same time that the Chicago museum was using them to display newspapers, others were realizing they could be used for entertainment and could store a lot of information — such as an entire movie.

在芝加哥博物馆正在使用它们来展示报纸的同时，其他人意识到它们可以用于娱乐并且可以存储很多信息，例如整部电影。

On December 15, 1978, they released the very first movie on LaserDisc: Jaws.

1978年12月15日，他们在LaserDisc：Jaws上发行了第一部电影。

第一批LaserDisc播放器 (The First LaserDisc Players)

Pic via Wikipedia commons 图片来自维基百科

Did you ever get to hold a LaserDisc? They were surprisingly heavy and required a pretty solid unit to play them in. The earliest players used helium-neon laser tubes to read the discs, which sound kind of terrifying to have in your home.

您曾经持有过LaserDisc吗？ 它们出奇的笨重，需要相当坚固的装置才能播放。最早的播放器使用氦氖激光管读取光盘，听起来像在家中那样令人恐惧。

In March 1984, Pioneer released the first player with a proper solid-state laser.

1984年3月，先锋公司发布了第一台带有适当固态激光器的播放器。

The early players also loaded from the top, similar to a record player. This new Phillips player from 1984 would load in the front the way you would with a DVD or CD player.

早期的玩家也从顶部加载，类似于电唱机。 这款1984年推出的新型Phillips播放器将以与DVD或CD播放器相同的方式放在前面。

Interestingly, LaserDisc players made from the mid-80s and on could actually play CDs. The problem is, these early players lead to poor picture quality. It turns out that helium and neon worked better for playback.

有趣的是，从80年代中期开始生产的LaserDisc播放器实际上可以播放CD。 问题是，这些早期播放器会导致图像质量差。 事实证明，氦气和氖气可以更好地播放。

LaserDisc的优势 (The Advantages of LaserDisc)

This is probably a good time to look at the pros and cons of LaserDisc because it had many of each. Here are some pros that came from them:

这可能是查看LaserDisc优缺点的好时机，因为每种都有很多。 以下是一些来自他们的专业人士：

• You could get a great degree of control over the playback process. It actually had better controls in that way than DVD.
  您可以很好地控制回放过程。 实际上，它比DVD具有更好的控件。
• With LaserDisc, you could jump to any frame in a movie just by entering the frame number in the remote.
  使用LaserDisc，只需在遥控器中输入帧号即可跳至电影中的任何帧。
• A damage spot on a LaserDisc can be played over or just skipped by. On a DVD or Blu-Ray, you can be pretty screwed and can’t play past the damage.
  LaserDisc上的损坏点可以播放或跳过。 在DVD或Blu-Ray上，您可能会被拧得很烂，无法越过损坏。
• It’s thought, by audiophiles, that the sound on LaserDisc is superior to that on DVD. It’s also thought that LaserDisc has a “smoother” and more “film-Like” sound to it.
  音响发烧友认为，LaserDisc上的声音优于DVD上的声音。 人们还认为LaserDisc具有“更平滑”的声音，并且听起来更像“电影般”的声音。
• LaserDisc couldn’t block out navigation controls. And to me, this is big. This is how DVD blocks the ability to control being able to automatically jump to the movie and forces you to sit through crappy previews.
  LaserDisc无法阻止导航控件。 对我来说，这很大。 这就是DVD阻止控制自动跳转到电影并迫使您坐在糟糕的预览中的能力。

LaserDisc的问题 (Problems With LaserDisc)

Ultimately, the problems that existed with LaserDisc lead to its demise. But when it hit the market, here were some initial complaints about the format:

最终，LaserDisc存在的问题导致其灭亡。 但是当它投放市场时，以下是有关该格式的一些最初抱怨：

• The discs were heavy (about a ½ pound) and could be easily damaged.
  光盘很重(约½磅)，很容易损坏。
• Since they were so heavy it took a toll on the components of the players leading to more noise than other format players.
  由于它们很重，因此给播放器的零件造成了损失，从而导致噪音比其他格式播放器更大。
• You couldn’t record on them. We’ll get back to this later, it’s significant…
  您无法在它们上录制。 我们稍后再讲，这很重要……
• Playback was limited to 30–36 minutes per side. When one side was finished, you had to get up and flip over the disc like you would with an archaic record. Future units would be able to “flip” the disc by changing the direction of the laser inside, but this might have been too little too late. And expensive…
  每侧播放时间限制为30-36分钟。 一侧完成后，您必须起身并像翻新旧唱片一样翻转光盘。 未来的设备可以通过改变内部激光的方向来“翻转”光盘，但这可能太少了也太晚了。 又贵...
• Even though the discs could play past scratches, they still needed to be immaculate to not skip over parts. Even slight scratches and dust could cause read-errors which would cause playback problems.
  即使光盘可以刮擦划痕，但仍然需要整洁以免跳过零件。 即使轻微的刮擦和灰尘也可能导致读取错误，从而导致播放问题。
• The discs had to be PERFECTLY flat. We’re talking straight as a frozen rope in winter. Any bending on the disc would cause “crosstalk” by the laser and distort the picture.
  光盘必须完全平整。 我们在冬天直言不讳。 光盘上的任何弯曲都会引起激光的“串扰”，并使图像失真。
• An enormous problem is there was actually a difference between discs and players. Whereas all DVDs are the same, the quality of LaserDiscs could vary depending on the manufacturer. Same thing with the players. A low-quality disc could still look bad on a high-end player, and if you had a large TV, the low quality would be even more evident. This lead to so many bad possible combinations between disc manufacturers and models of players. There was no consistency.
  一个巨大的问题是光盘和播放器之间实际上存在差异。 尽管所有DVD都相同，但是LaserDiscs的质量可能会因制造商而异。 与玩家相同。 在高端播放器上，低质量的光盘可能看起来仍然很糟糕，如果您有一台大电视，那么低质量的光盘将更加明显。 这会导致光盘制造商和播放器型号之间的错误组合如此之多。 没有一致性。
• There were a lot of poorly put together discs. A LaserDisc wasn’t a single unit, but two sides basically glued together. Some companies used a cheap adhesive in the mold of George Costanza, and the adhesive would leak through and damage the disk leading to huge playback problems.
  有很多放得不好的光盘。 LaserDisc并不是一个单一的单元，而是基本上将两侧粘合在一起。 一些公司在George Costanza的模具中使用了便宜的粘合剂，粘合剂会泄漏并损坏磁盘，从而导致巨大的播放问题。

比较LaserDisc和VHS (Comparing LaserDisc With VHS)

Photo by Gabriel Petry on Unsplash

Gabriel Petry在 Unsplash上 拍摄的照片

A lot of the comparison here centers on the winning disc format of DVD — but DVD wasn’t on the scene yet in the 1980s, so let’s look at the comparison with the king of home video.

这里的许多比较都以DVD的获奖光盘格式为中心-但DVD在1980年代还没有出现，所以让我们看一下与家庭视频之王的比较。

Going into the mid-80s, VHS was clearly winning the format war between them and Beta — but how did it stack up to the new shiny counterpart? Right off the bat, there is the obvious picture quality — and it was a substantial quality. When you look at horizontal resolution LaserDisc provided around 425 lines while VHS only had 240.

进入80年代中期，VHS显然赢得了他们和Beta之间的格式大战-但是它如何与新的闪亮对手相提并论呢？ 马上，就有明显的图像质量-这是一种实质性的质量。 当您查看水平分辨率时，LaserDisc提供了大约425行，而VHS只有240行。

A huge advantage was that LaserDisc had more room to store audio and could contain multiple audio tracks. This allowed for something called a “director's commentary” which we take for granted today but was a big deal when it came out.

一个巨大的优势是LaserDisc有更多存储音频的空间，并且可以包含多个音轨。 这允许我们今天认为是理所当然的“导演评论”，但是当它问世时意义重大。

They could now put out “special editions” with these extra tracks, and the first to do it was the 1984 Criterion Collection of “Citizen Kane.” This first of its kind disc contained interviews, commentary tracks, documentaries, and still photographs.

现在，他们可以推出带有这些额外曲目的“特别版”，而第一个这样做的是1984年的“公民凯恩” 标准集 。 该光盘中的第一个包含访谈，评论曲目，纪录片和静态图片。

This set the standard for all future special edition releases which are pretty much all standard on any release.

这为所有将来的特殊版本发行设定了标准，这些发行版几乎都是所有发行版本的标准。

LaserDisc was also initially cheaper to produce than VHS cassette because they didn’t have all the moving parts that a VHS did. A VHS has 14 parts, including the tape, and a LaserDisc has one part with 5–6 layers.

最初，LaserDisc的生产成本也比VHS盒式磁带便宜，因为它们不具备VHS的所有活动部件。 VHS有14个部分，包括磁带，而LaserDisc有一个5-6层的部分。

LaserDisc also had a longer lifespan than VHS because the discs were read optically and not mechanically how a VHS had to be. This mechanical reading leads to more wear and tear and the dreaded moment when you would eject a cassette and the tape was still deep in the VCR.

LaserDisc的使用寿命也比VHS长，因为光盘是通过光学方式读取的，而不是机械方式读取VHS的方式。 当您弹出盒式磁带且磁带仍在VCR中很深时，​​这种机械读数会导致更多的磨损和可怕的时刻。

For kids in the 80s, this was your worst nightmare coming true.

对于80年代的孩子来说，这是您梦worst以求的噩梦。

By the end of the 1980s, things were getting more expensive, and pressing discs was costing $5 per two-sided disc. This was because of the rising cost of plastic mechanisms that would do the stamping. At the same time, producing a VHS tape was getting cheaper to copy and produce — and was getting down to only $1 per cassette.

到1980年代末，事情变得越来越昂贵，压制光盘的价格为每张双面光盘5美元。 这是因为要进行冲压的塑料机械的成本不断上升。 同时，生产VHS磁带的复制和生产成本越来越低-每个盒式磁带的价格仅为1美元。

Looking at this you might wonder why in the hell LaserDisc didn’t take over the format wars beating out VHS.

看着这个，您可能想知道为什么LaserDisc并没有接管击败VHS的格式大战。

So what happened?

所以发生了什么事？

LaserDisc的失败 (The Downfall of LaserDisc)

Like anything, you can’t pinpoint the downfall of LaserDisc to one thing but a lot of factors. I think at the most basic level it probably came down to price. LaserDisc machines were not cheap, and neither were the discs. The first players cost upwards of $1000 and actually ended up being in nearly one million homes by the end of the decade.

像其他任何事情一样，您不能仅将LaserDisc的失败归因于很多因素。 我认为从最基本的层面讲，它可能会降价。 LaserDisc机器并不便宜，光盘也不便宜。 最初的玩家花费超过1000美元，到本十年末，实际上他们已经进入了近一百万个家庭。

LaserDisc was embraced by cinephiles who tend to prefer more advanced formats such as Blu-Ray and 4K. But for the average person who didn’t care that much about picture or sound, it made little sense to spend the cost of a used car on a player when you could get a VHS for next to nothing.

电影爱好者喜欢LaserDisc，他们倾向于使用更高级的格式，例如蓝光和4K。 但是对于那些不太关心图像或声音的普通人来说，当您几乎无法获得VHS时，将二手车的成本花在播放器上几乎没有意义。

Another huge thing is you couldn’t record on them. LaserDisc was for occasional use whereas the VHS had a place in everyday life. You could fit 6 hours or so on a videotape for only a few bucks. It just wasn’t an option with LaserDisc.

另一个重要的事情是您无法在它们上录制。 LaserDisc仅用于偶尔使用，而VHS在日常生活中占有一席之地。 您只需花几美元，就可以放6小时左右的录像带。 LaserDisc只是无法选择。

Another factor was that LaserDisc wasn’t for lazy people. I’m not joking. Think of when you’re comfortable on the couch and have to think about getting up. It’s one of the worst things in the world. Or if you’re on the couch and drop something that’s out of reach? It may as well be on the moon.

另一个因素是LaserDisc不适合懒惰的人。 我不是在开玩笑。 想一想您何时在沙发上感到舒适，并必须考虑起床。 这是世界上最糟糕的事情之一。 或者，如果您在沙发上丢了一些遥不可及的东西？ 它也可能在月球上。

Every LaserDisc had to be flipped over, and for longer movies, it might need 2–3 discs. That was a hard pass for many people. If you’re spending $1000, it better be able to switch the discs its damn self.

每个LaserDisc都必须翻转，对于更长的电影，可能需要2到3张光盘。 对于许多人来说，这是艰难的一步。 如果您要花费1000美元，那么最好能够自行切换光盘。

关于LaserDisc的最终想法 (Final Thoughts on LaserDisc)

LaserDisc is cool, but it clearly wasn’t meant to be. It’s kind of like the Concorde; it was maybe ahead of its time and could have benefited from being released later. But eventually, DVD would have come through and replaced it, anyway.

LaserDisc很酷，但是显然不是故意的。 有点像协和飞机； 它可能提前了，可能会从稍后发布中受益。 但是最终，无论如何，DVD都会通过替换掉它。

It’s fun to look back on LaserDisc and see it for being part novelty but part ingenuity. I don’t know anyone that owned one, but I think everyone really wanted to have it. It was the definition of the latest and greatest, but it ended up being kicked to the curb alongside its old friend Betamax.

回顾LaserDisc并发现它既新颖又有趣，很有趣。 我不知道有谁拥有它，但我认为每个人都真正想要拥有它。 它是最新和最伟大的定义，但最终与老朋友Betamax一起被遏制。

May they rest in pieces.

愿他们休息。

If you want to remember more about the 80s, head on over to everything80spodcast.com to look back on the greatest decade.

如果您想记住更多关于80年代的信息，请访问 everything80spodcast.com ，回顾最伟大的十年。

翻译自: https://medium.com/everything-80s/why-laser-disc-was-way-ahead-of-its-time-a425e46c418c

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