JAVA刷客_JavaSE学习 第十三章 Swing基础

1.重量级组件和轻量级组件

重量级组件是因操作系统而异的，是对本地操作系统的组件的一个封装

轻量级组件是利用Java绘图技术在重量级组件上绘图而成的

Swing与AWT的关系

相关基本概念

Java基础类库(Java Foundation Classes，JFC)

重量组件(Heavy-Weight Components)

轻量组件(Light-Weight Components)

可视化组件(Visual Component)

Swing组件根父类JComponent

java.lang.Object

|

+----java.awt.Component

|

+----java.awt.Container

|

+----javax.swing.JComponent

2.组件介绍

①JFrame

它与Frame最大的区别：它不是单独的一个组件，它是一个容器，可以用来装很多的组件

Container c=jf.getContentPane();

jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

JFrame继承并扩充了java.awt.Frame类,JFrame实现了javax.swing.WindowConstants接口，

该接口中定义了用于控制窗口关闭操作的整型常量，包括：

DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE

HIDE_ON_CLOSE

DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE

EXIT_ON_CLOSE

代码：import java.awt.Container;import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.FlowLayout;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;public class TestJFrame{ public static void main(String[] args){ JFrame jf = new JFrame("My Test"); Container c = jf.getContentPane(); c.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,20,20)); JLabel greet = new JLabel("Hello,World !"); JLabel bye = new JLabel(" Bye,World ! "); bye.setBackground(Color.BLUE); bye.setOpaque(true); c.add(greet); c.add(bye); c.setBackground(Color.GREEN); jf.setSize(200,100); jf.setLocation(400,200); jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); jf.setVisible(true); }}

②标准对话框

标准对话框(javax.swing.JOptionPane)用于实现程序与用户的便捷交互，其作用包括：

向用户发出错误通知

警告/确认用户操作

接收用户输入简单信息

列举简单选择项供用户选取

代码：import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import javax.swing.*;public class TestJOptionPane implements ActionListener{ private JFrame jf = new JFrame("标准对话框测试"); public static void main(String[] args){ new TestJOptionPane().createUI(); } public void createUI(){ JToolBar jtb = new JToolBar(); String[] s = {"错误","退出确认1","退出确认2","警告","输入","选择"}; int size = s.length; JButton[] button = new JButton[size]; for(int i=0;i

③JTable 和 JTree

javax.swing.JTable 用于以传统的表格形式来显示数据：

表头：标题行，给出每一列(字段)的名称。

表体：由多行多列、规则矩阵形式的单元格组成，真正的数据信息则显示在每个单元格中。

javax.swing.JTree则是以“树”状结构分层次显示数据信息。

代码：

TableExample.javaimport java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import javax.swing.*;public class TableExample{ public static void main(String args[]){ JFrame myFrame = new JFrame("Table Example"); Object data[][] ={ {1,"张三","男","18","010.82607080"}, {2,"李四","女","24","021.68720890"}, {3,"王五","男","43","0459.4990893"}, {4,"赵六","男","32","010.67887098"}, {5,"任七","女","15","010.84682089"}, {6,"吴八","男","76","010.63540177"}, }; String columnNames[] ={"编号","姓名","性别","年龄","电话"}; JTable table = new JTable(data,columnNames); table.setAutoResizeMode(JTable.AUTO_RESIZE_OFF); //JScrollPane pane = new JScrollPane(table); JScrollPane pane = new JScrollPane(); pane.setViewportView(table); myFrame.add("Center",pane); myFrame.setSize(350,150); myFrame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {System.exit(0);} }); myFrame.setVisible(true); }}

TreeExample.javaimport java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import javax.swing.*;import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;public class TreeExample { public static void main(String args[]){ JFrame myFrame = new JFrame("Tree Example"); DefaultMutableTreeNode rootNode = createNodes(); JTree tree = new JTree(rootNode); tree.setRootVisible(true); JScrollPane pane = new JScrollPane(); pane.setViewportView(tree); myFrame.add("Center",pane); myFrame.setSize(400,250); myFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); myFrame.setVisible(true); } public static DefaultMutableTreeNode createNodes(){ DefaultMutableTreeNode rootNode = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Java Stuff"); DefaultMutableTreeNode resources = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Resources"); DefaultMutableTreeNode tools = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Tools"); rootNode.add(resources); rootNode.add(tools); DefaultMutableTreeNode webSites =new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Web Sites"); DefaultMutableTreeNode books = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Books"); resources.add(webSites); resources.add(books); DefaultMutableTreeNode magazines = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Magazines"); magazines.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode ("Javology")); magazines.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode ("JavaWorld")); webSites.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode ("JavaSoft")); webSites.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode ("Gamelan")); webSites.add(magazines); books.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Special Edition Using Java 1.2")); tools.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode ("JBuilder")); tools.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode ("Visual J++")); tools.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode ("Visual Age for Java")); tools.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode ("Apptivity")); return rootNode; }}

3.特殊组件：定时器

javax.swing.Timer提供了定时器功能——用于在指定的时间延迟之后触发ActionEvent事件，以执行所需的处理逻辑。

相关方法：

setRepeats()

setInitialDelay()

stop()

restart()

以上四个方法的作用分别是：

是否循环触发

设置首次延迟的时间

停止当前的计时器

计时器重新启动

代码：import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import java.util.Calendar;import java.util.GregorianCalendar;import javax.swing.Timer;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JButton;public class TestTimer{ public static void main(String[] args){ JFrame jf = new JFrame("Clock"); JButton pause = new JButton("Pause"); JLabel clock = new JLabel("Clock"); clock.setBackground(Color.GREEN); clock.setOpaque(true); clock.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER); jf.add(clock,"Center"); jf.add(pause,"North"); jf.setSize(140,80); jf.setLocation(500,300); jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); jf.setVisible(true); MyListener m1 = new MyListener(clock); Timer t1 = new Timer(1000,m1); t1.setInitialDelay(0); t1.start(); MyListener2 m2 = new MyListener2(t1,pause,clock); pause.addActionListener(m2); } }class MyListener implements ActionListener{ private JLabel clock; public MyListener(JLabel clock){ this.clock = clock; } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar(); String time = c.get(Calendar.YEAR) + "-" + (c.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1) + "-" + c.get(Calendar.DATE) + " " ; int h = c.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY); int m = c.get(Calendar.MINUTE); int s = c.get(Calendar.SECOND); String ph = h<10 ? "0":""; String pm = m<10 ? "0":""; String ps = s<10 ? "0":""; time += ph + h + ":" + pm + m + ":" + ps + s; clock.setText(time); clock.repaint(); } }class MyListener2 implements ActionListener{ private Timer timer; private JButton button; private JLabel clock; private boolean running= true; public MyListener2(Timer timer,JButton button,JLabel clock){ this.timer = timer; this.button = button; this.clock = clock; } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ if(running){ timer.stop(); button.setText("Replay"); clock.setBackground(Color.RED); }else{ timer.restart(); button.setText("Pause"); clock.setBackground(Color.green); } running = !running; } }

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