5g及其障碍

What is 5G?

什么是5G？

5G is the fifth generation cellular network that is at least 10 times faster than 4G LTE and some experts even claim that it could eventually be 100 times faster. To give an example, instead of waiting five minutes to download a movie on Netflix in 4G, it will take only 30 seconds on 5G so it could even replace your home’s current high-speed internet service. This new standard means devices will be able to communicate with each other with no lag. To make this clear, imagine this: when you write “5G” on a paper, you see it as it happens and that is what zero-latency means.

5G是第五代蜂窝网络，至少比4G LTE快10倍，一些专家甚至声称它最终可能快100倍。 举个例子，不用等待五分钟就可以在Netflix上以4G格式下载电影，而在5G上只需30秒，因此它甚至可以取代您家中当前的高速互联网服务。 这一新标准意味着设备将能够彼此之间毫无延迟地进行通信。 为了清楚起见，请想象一下：当您在纸上书写“ 5G”时，您会立即看到它，这就是零延迟的含义。

The 4G network responds to our commands in just under 50 milliseconds and with 5G, it will take around 1 millisecond which is 400 times faster than a blink of the eye. Smartphone users will enjoy a more streamlined experience but for a world that is increasingly dependent on the internet, a reduction in time delay is critical. Self-driving cars require a continuous stream of data and the quicker that information is delivered to autonomous vehicles the better and safer they can run.

4G网络在不到50毫秒内响应我们的命令，而5G则需要1毫秒左右的时间，比眨眼之间快400倍。 智能手机用户将享受更加简化的体验，但是对于一个越来越依赖互联网的世界来说，减少时间延迟至关重要。 自动驾驶汽车需要连续的数据流，信息越快地传递到自动驾驶汽车上，它们就可以越安全越好。

According to many analysts, this is just one example of how 5G could become the connective tissue for the IoT (Internet of things), an industry that is projected to grow threefold by 2025. Not just connecting and controlling robots, but also medical devices, industrial equipment, and agricultural machinery.

根据许多分析师的说法，这只是5G如何成为IoT(物联网)的连接组织的一个例子，该行业预计到2025年将增长三倍。不仅连接和控制机器人，而且连接和控制医疗设备，工业设备和农业机械。

Network slicing and more personalized web experience

网络切片和更个性化的Web体验

5G will also provide a much more personalized web experience using a technique called “network slicing” which is a way of creating separate wireless networks on the cloud which then allows users to create their own network. For example, a typical online gamer needs faster response times and greater data capacity than a user who just wants to check his/her social media or email inbox. Being able to personalize the internet will also benefit businesses as it will give more clarity on internet usage and consumer behavior.

5G也将使用一种称为“网络切片”的技术提供更加个性化的Web体验，这是一种在云上创建单独的无线网络的方法，然后允许用户创建自己的网络。 例如，与只想检查其社交媒体或电子邮件收件箱的用户相比，典型的在线游戏玩家需要更快的响应时间和更大的数据容量。 能够个性化互联网也将使企业受益，因为它将使互联网使用和消费者行为更加清晰。

Obstacles that 5G needs to overcome

5G需要克服的障碍

5G was created years ago, back in 2013, and has been in discussion ever since. It is estimated that even by 2025, the network will still lag behind both 4G and 3G in terms of global mobile connections. Its mainstream existence faces multiple hurdles and the most significant of these is the cost. 5G could cause network operators to tear up their current business models for it to make business sense. In the UK, 3G and 4G networks were relatively cheap to set up because they were able to roll out on existing frequencies on the country’s radio spectrum.

5G创立于多年前，早在2013年，此后一直在讨论中。 据估计，即使到2025年，就全球移动连接而言，该网络仍将落后于4G和3G。 它的主流存在面临多个障碍，其中最重要的是成本。 5G可能会导致网络运营商改变其当前的业务模式，以使其具有商业意义。 在英国，建立3G和4G网络相对便宜，因为它们可以在该国的无线电频谱上使用现有频率。

There is a need for a whole new infrastructure for 5G to work properly. Cell phone providers will need to install a lot of new equipment for this new technology because 5G uses a totally different wavelength than the 4G standard our phones currently use. The 5G standard uses millimeter waves which are a lot shorter than the wavelengths 4G uses and the shorter wavelength means 5G can carry a lot of data much faster than 4G but it also means a much shorter range. 4G wavelengths have a range of about 10 miles 5G wavelengths have a range of about a thousand feet, so not even 2% of 4G’s range. So, to ensure a reliable 5G signal there needs to be a lot of 5G cell towers and antennas everywhere and that means on every lamp post, traffic light, and so on. Because even trees can block 5G signals and that could mean getting rid of more trees which is bad for the environment. 5G is not going to be cheap, many cell towers need some kind of connection to it and that means laying down fiber optic cables. It is still an undertaking and it is definitely not in millions of dollars but definitely in billions and possibly hundreds of billions.

需要使5G正常工作的全新基础架构。 手机提供商需要为此技术安装很多新设备，因为5G使用的波长与我们手机当前使用的4G标准完全不同。 5G标准使用的毫米波比4G使用的波长短很多，而较短的波长意味着5G可以比4G更快地传输大量数据，但是这也意味着更短的范围。 4G波长的范围约为10英里。5G波长的范围约为1000英尺，因此，甚至不到4G范围的2％。 因此，要确保可靠的5G信号，到处都需要有许多5G基站和天线，这意味着在每个路灯柱，交通信号灯等上。 因为即使是树木也可以阻挡5G信号，这可能意味着要摆脱更多对环境不利的树木。 5G不会便宜，许多基站需要与之建立某种连接，这意味着铺设光缆。 它仍然是一项事业，绝对不是数百万美元，而是数十亿甚至数千亿美元。

Health Hazards

健康危害

There is also pushback from many local communities and one of the biggest problems they face is actually from local governments. Local communities who don’t want these carriers to build towers or antennas all over the place or maybe they’re afraid of the health risks, which is another big concern some are concerned that 5G radiation may cause cancer, and more research is definitely needed. Despite all that Verizon already rolled out the beginnings of its 5G network to parts of Chicago and Minneapolis. AT&T currently has about 19 cities with 5G capabilities and Sprint and T-Mobile say they will be releasing their 5G networks sometime in 2019, so while 5G is being rolled out, it will take time in limited and rural areas will be more difficult to cover since 5G has such a short-range. However, let’s assume our internet providers successfully installed all the equipment around us, we still need devices that can run 5G.

许多地方社区也有退缩，而他们面临的最大问题之一实际上是地方政府。 当地社区不希望这些运营商到处建塔或天线，或者他们担心健康风险，这是另一个令人担忧的大问题，有些人担心5G辐射可能会致癌，因此肯定需要进行更多研究。 尽管如此，Verizon已经在芝加哥和明尼阿波利斯的部分地区推出了其5G网络的开端。 AT＆T目前约有19个城市具有5G功能，Sprint和T-Mobile表示他们将在2019年某个时候发布其5G网络，因此虽然5G正在推出，但在有限的地区需要时间，并且农村地区的覆盖范围将更加困难因为5G有​​这么短的距离。 但是，假设我们的互联网提供商成功安装了我们周围的所有设备，我们仍然需要可以运行5G的设备。

For key industrial zones, however, it’s predicted the technology will be adopted quickly. On the contrary, for many rural areas, 5G may be a long way off. But when 5G does establish itself and fulfill its potential, it could even change how we get the internet at home and at work with the wireless network replacing the current system of phone lines and cables.

但是，对于关键的工业区，预计该技术将很快被采用。 相反，对于许多农村地区而言，5G可能还有很长的路要走。 但是，当5G确实建立自己的潜力并发挥其潜力时，它甚至可能会改变我们在家中以及在工作中使用无线网络取代现有电话线和电缆系统的互联网连接方式。

Is 5G really enough?

5G真的足够吗？

Although 5G is set to be a super open highway with many more lanes than the 4G LTE highway which translates to a lot less congestion even during peak hours. It is still estimated that eventually even 5G will be congested with the number of people connecting to it and all the other applications that are going to be used for 5G. When we reach that point we are probably going to have to step over to 6G. So while all the carriers are already starting to show their 5G capabilities, there is no reason to get too excited since it is still going to be a few years before you can really take advantage of it.

尽管5G设置为比4G LTE高速公路拥有更多车道的超级开放高速公路，即使在高峰时段也可以减少很多拥堵。 仍然估计，最终连5G都将被连接到它的人数以及将用于5G的所有其他应用程序所阻塞。 当我们达到这一点时，我们可能将不得不过渡到6G。 因此，尽管所有运营商已经开始展示其5G功能，但没有理由感到兴奋，因为要真正利用它还需要几年的时间。

翻译自: https://medium.com/swlh/5g-and-its-obstacles-741bb8db7d6f