linux驱动 不创建dev,linux内核驱动知识三，自动创建设备文件devfs与udev

Linux2.4内核中devfs

创建设备目录：

devfs_handle_t devfs_mk_dir(devfs_handle_t

dir, const char *name, void info);

创建设备文件：

devfs_handle_t

devfs_register(devfs_handle_t dir, const char * name.

unsigned int flags, unsigned

int major,

unsigned int minor, umode_t mode,

void *ops, void *info) ;

在指定的目录中创建设备文件：dir目录名，为空表示在/dev/目录下创建；name文件名；flags创建标志；major主设备号；minor次设备号；mode创建模式；ops操作函数集；info通常为空

撤销设备文件：

void devfs_unregister(devfs_handlle_t de);

使用实例：

Static devfs_handle_t devfs_handle ;

Devfs_handle = devfs-register(NULL,

DEVICE_NAME, DEVFS_FL_DEFAULT, major, 0 , S_IFCHR | S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,

&XXX_fops);

Devfs_unregister(devfs_handle);

此方法在linux 2.6任然被支持，但是是一种过时的做法

Linux2.6内核中udev

从linux 2.6.13开始，devfs不复存在，udev成为devfs的替代品。相比devfs,udev(mdev)存在于应用层。利用udev(mdev)来实现设备文件的自动创建 很简单，在驱动代码里调用class_create为该设备创建一个class,在为每个设备调用device_create创建对应的设备。

例1：

struct class *myclass；

static struct device

*dev;

myclass = class_create(THIS_MODULE,“my_device_driver”);

if (IS_ERR(my_class)) {

printk("Err:

failed in creating class.\n");

return ;

}

dev = device_create(myclass,

NULL, MKDEV(major_num, minor_num), NULL,“my_device”);

device_destroy(my_class,

MKDEV(major_num, minor_num));

class_destroy(my_class);

例2：

现在，好使的是device_create，从2.6.18开始可用

struct

device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,

dev_t devt, const char *fmt, ...)

从2.6.26起又多了一个参数drvdata：the data to be added to the device for callbacks不会用就给个NULL吧.

struct

device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,

dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...)

dev=device_create(usb_class, NULL, test_usb_devno, shortname);

//2.6.26以上// dev=device_create(usb_class, NULL,

test_usb_devno, NULL,shortname);

device_create( my_class, NULL, MKDEV(hello_major, 0),

"hello" "%d", 0 );

如果成功，它将会在/dev目录下产生/dev/hello0设备。

当驱动被加载时，udev(mdev)就会自动在/dev下创建my_device设备文件。

#include

// device_create()

class_create()-------------------------------------------------

linux-2.6.22/include/linux/device.h

struct class

*class_create(struct module *owner, const char *name)

class_create - create a struct class structure

@owner: pointer to the module that is to "own" this struct class

@name: pointer to a string for the name of this class.在/sys/class/下创建类目录

class_device_create()-------------------------------------------------

linux-2.6.22/include/linux/device.h

struct class_device

*class_device_create(struct

class        *cls,

struct class_device *parent,

dev_t

devt,

struct device       *device,

constchar

*fmt, ...)

class_device_create - creates a class device and registers it with sysfs

@cls: pointer to the struct class that this device should be registered to.

@parent: pointer to the parent struct class_device of this new device, if any.

@devt: the dev_t for the char device to be added.

@device: a pointer to a struct device that is assiociated with this class

device.

@fmt: string for the class device's name

PS:

2.6.15中的函数：

Class_device_create(struct class *cls,

struct class_device *parent, dev_t devt, struct device *device,

constchar *fmt, ...);

Class_devcie_destroy(struct class *class,

dev_t devt);

在2.6.27中变为：

Device_create(struct

class *class, struct device *parent,

dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char

*fmt, ..);

Device_destroy(struct

class *class, dev_t devt);