mysql populate_MySQL入门(一)

本学习笔记参考《MySQL必知必会》和官方手册MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual

一、MySQL初体验

我的 mysql 版本是5.6.24,利用 apt-get 安装在 Ubuntu-12.04LTS上。

$ sudo service mysql stop

$ sudo service mysql start

$ sudo service mysql status

$ mysql --help

$ mysql -h host -u user -p

连接到服务器上,host为主机名,user为用户名,如果服务器所在的机器是现在所登陆的机器,则不需要指定主机名。

登陆后的提示符为 mysql>,每条 SQL 语句以分号 ; 结束。

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;

显示当前存在在服务器上的数据库。

mysql> USE [database-name]

访问或进入指定的数据库,该条语句可以像 QUIT 一样不加分号(加了也可以)。

mysql> CREATE DATABASE [ database-name ];

mysql> USE [ database-name ]

$ mysql -h host -u user -p [ database-name ]

mysql> SHOW TABLES;

采用 MySQL必知必会 一书的例子进行学习。下面是本例子采用的数据库的生成脚本。

create.sql

########################################

# MySQL Crash Course

# http://www.forta.com/books/0672327120/

# Example table creation scripts

########################################

########################

# Create customers table

########################

CREATE TABLE customers

(

cust_id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

cust_name char(50) NOT NULL ,

cust_address char(50) NULL ,

cust_city char(50) NULL ,

cust_state char(5) NULL ,

cust_zip char(10) NULL ,

cust_country char(50) NULL ,

cust_contact char(50) NULL ,

cust_email char(255) NULL ,

PRIMARY KEY (cust_id)

) ENGINE=InnoDB;

#########################

# Create orderitems table

#########################

CREATE TABLE orderitems

(

order_num int NOT NULL ,

order_item int NOT NULL ,

prod_id char(10) NOT NULL ,

quantity int NOT NULL ,

item_price decimal(8,2) NOT NULL ,

PRIMARY KEY (order_num, order_item)

) ENGINE=InnoDB;

#####################

# Create orders table

#####################

CREATE TABLE orders

(

order_num int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

order_date datetime NOT NULL ,

cust_id int NOT NULL ,

PRIMARY KEY (order_num)

) ENGINE=InnoDB;

#######################

# Create products table

#######################

CREATE TABLE products

(

prod_id char(10) NOT NULL,

vend_id int NOT NULL ,

prod_name char(255) NOT NULL ,

prod_price decimal(8,2) NOT NULL ,

prod_desc text NULL ,

PRIMARY KEY(prod_id)

) ENGINE=InnoDB;

######################

# Create vendors table

######################

CREATE TABLE vendors

(

vend_id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

vend_name char(50) NOT NULL ,

vend_address char(50) NULL ,

vend_city char(50) NULL ,

vend_state char(5) NULL ,

vend_zip char(10) NULL ,

vend_country char(50) NULL ,

PRIMARY KEY (vend_id)

) ENGINE=InnoDB;

###########################

# Create productnotes table

###########################

CREATE TABLE productnotes

(

note_id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

prod_id char(10) NOT NULL,

note_date datetime NOT NULL,

note_text text NULL ,

PRIMARY KEY(note_id),

FULLTEXT(note_text)

) ENGINE=MyISAM;

#####################

# Define foreign keys

#####################

ALTER TABLE orderitems ADD CONSTRAINT fk_orderitems_orders FOREIGN KEY (order_num) REFERENCES orders (order_num);

ALTER TABLE orderitems ADD CONSTRAINT fk_orderitems_products FOREIGN KEY (prod_id) REFERENCES products (prod_id);

ALTER TABLE orders ADD CONSTRAINT fk_orders_customers FOREIGN KEY (cust_id) REFERENCES customers (cust_id);

ALTER TABLE products ADD CONSTRAINT fk_products_vendors FOREIGN KEY (vend_id) REFERENCES vendors (vend_id);

populate.sql

########################################

# MySQL Crash Course

# http://www.forta.com/books/0672327120/

# Example table population scripts

########################################

##########################

# Populate customers table

##########################

INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)

VALUES(10001, 'Coyote Inc.', '200 Maple Lane', 'Detroit', 'MI', '44444', 'USA', 'Y Lee', 'ylee@coyote.com');

INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)

VALUES(10002, 'Mouse House', '333 Fromage Lane', 'Columbus', 'OH', '43333', 'USA', 'Jerry Mouse');

INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)

VALUES(10003, 'Wascals', '1 Sunny Place', 'Muncie', 'IN', '42222', 'USA', 'Jim Jones', 'rabbit@wascally.com');

INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)

VALUES(10004, 'Yosemite Place', '829 Riverside Drive', 'Phoenix', 'AZ', '88888', 'USA', 'Y Sam', 'sam@yosemite.com');

INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)

VALUES(10005, 'E Fudd', '4545 53rd Street', 'Chicago', 'IL', '54545', 'USA', 'E Fudd');

########################

# Populate vendors table

########################

INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)

VALUES(1001,'Anvils R Us','123 Main Street','Southfield','MI','48075', 'USA');

INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)

VALUES(1002,'LT Supplies','500 Park Street','Anytown','OH','44333', 'USA');

INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)

VALUES(1003,'ACME','555 High Street','Los Angeles','CA','90046', 'USA');

INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)

VALUES(1004,'Furball Inc.','1000 5th Avenue','New York','NY','11111', 'USA');

INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)

VALUES(1005,'Jet Set','42 Galaxy Road','London', NULL,'N16 6PS', 'England');

INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)

VALUES(1006,'Jouets Et Ours','1 Rue Amusement','Paris', NULL,'45678', 'France');

#########################

# Populate products table

#########################

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('ANV01', 1001, '.5 ton anvil', 5.99, '.5 ton anvil, black, complete with handy hook');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('ANV02', 1001, '1 ton anvil', 9.99, '1 ton anvil, black, complete with handy hook and carrying case');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('ANV03', 1001, '2 ton anvil', 14.99, '2 ton anvil, black, complete with handy hook and carrying case');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('OL1', 1002, 'Oil can', 8.99, 'Oil can, red');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('FU1', 1002, 'Fuses', 3.42, '1 dozen, extra long');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('SLING', 1003, 'Sling', 4.49, 'Sling, one size fits all');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('TNT1', 1003, 'TNT (1 stick)', 2.50, 'TNT, red, single stick');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('TNT2', 1003, 'TNT (5 sticks)', 10, 'TNT, red, pack of 10 sticks');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('FB', 1003, 'Bird seed', 10, 'Large bag (suitable for road runners)');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('FC', 1003, 'Carrots', 2.50, 'Carrots (rabbit hunting season only)');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('SAFE', 1003, 'Safe', 50, 'Safe with combination lock');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('DTNTR', 1003, 'Detonator', 13, 'Detonator (plunger powered), fuses not included');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('JP1000', 1005, 'JetPack 1000', 35, 'JetPack 1000, intended for single use');

INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)

VALUES('JP2000', 1005, 'JetPack 2000', 55, 'JetPack 2000, multi-use');

#######################

# Populate orders table

#######################

INSERT INTO orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)

VALUES(20005, '2005-09-01', 10001);

INSERT INTO orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)

VALUES(20006, '2005-09-12', 10003);

INSERT INTO orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)

VALUES(20007, '2005-09-30', 10004);

INSERT INTO orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)

VALUES(20008, '2005-10-03', 10005);

INSERT INTO orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)

VALUES(20009, '2005-10-08', 10001);

###########################

# Populate orderitems table

###########################

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20005, 1, 'ANV01', 10, 5.99);

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20005, 2, 'ANV02', 3, 9.99);

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20005, 3, 'TNT2', 5, 10);

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20005, 4, 'FB', 1, 10);

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20006, 1, 'JP2000', 1, 55);

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20007, 1, 'TNT2', 100, 10);

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20008, 1, 'FC', 50, 2.50);

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20009, 1, 'FB', 1, 10);

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20009, 2, 'OL1', 1, 8.99);

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20009, 3, 'SLING', 1, 4.49);

INSERT INTO orderitems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)

VALUES(20009, 4, 'ANV03', 1, 14.99);

#############################

# Populate productnotes table

#############################

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(101, 'TNT2', '2005-08-17',

'Customer complaint:

Sticks not individually wrapped, too easy to mistakenly detonate all at once.

Recommend individual wrapping.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(102, 'OL1', '2005-08-18',

'Can shipped full, refills not available.

Need to order new can if refill needed.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(103, 'SAFE', '2005-08-18',

'Safe is combination locked, combination not provided with safe.

This is rarely a problem as safes are typically blown up or dropped by customers.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(104, 'FC', '2005-08-19',

'Quantity varies, sold by the sack load.

All guaranteed to be bright and orange, and suitable for use as rabbit bait.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(105, 'TNT2', '2005-08-20',

'Included fuses are short and have been known to detonate too quickly for some customers.

Longer fuses are available (item FU1) and should be recommended.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(106, 'TNT2', '2005-08-22',

'Matches not included, recommend purchase of matches or detonator (item DTNTR).'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(107, 'SAFE', '2005-08-23',

'Please note that no returns will be accepted if safe opened using explosives.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(108, 'ANV01', '2005-08-25',

'Multiple customer returns, anvils failing to drop fast enough or falling backwards on purchaser. Recommend that customer considers using heavier anvils.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(109, 'ANV03', '2005-09-01',

'Item is extremely heavy. Designed for dropping, not recommended for use with slings, ropes, pulleys, or tightropes.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(110, 'FC', '2005-09-01',

'Customer complaint: rabbit has been able to detect trap, food apparently less effective now.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(111, 'SLING', '2005-09-02',

'Shipped unassembled, requires common tools (including oversized hammer).'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(112, 'SAFE', '2005-09-02',

'Customer complaint:

Circular hole in safe floor can apparently be easily cut with handsaw.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(113, 'ANV01', '2005-09-05',

'Customer complaint:

Not heavy enough to generate flying stars around head of victim. If being purchased for dropping, recommend ANV02 or ANV03 instead.'

);

INSERT INTO productnotes(note_id, prod_id, note_date, note_text)

VALUES(114, 'SAFE', '2005-09-07',

'Call from individual trapped in safe plummeting to the ground, suggests an escape hatch be added.

Comment forwarded to vendor.'

);

mysql> SHOW TABLES;

+-----------------------+

| Tables_in_crashcourse |

+-----------------------+

| customers |

| orderitems |

| orders |

| productnotes |

| products |

| vendors |

+-----------------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM products;

a65dc809fdd94b1737eb307039008e91.png

mysql> SELECT prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price FROM products;

22ef92696cea4677c4f5fc349fd366ae.png

二、MySQL创建和操作表

创建和操作表的代码参考上面 create.sql

1. NULL

NULL 代表允许在插入行时不给出该列的值,NOT NULL 代表该列不接受没有值的行。

2. 主键

主键可是是一列,也可以是多列,如果使用多列,则这些列的组合必须唯一,比如:

PRIMARYKEY (order_num, order_item)

3. 关于 AUTO_INCREMENT

如果某列被指定为 AUTO_INCREMENT,每插入一行该列自动增长,也可以简单的在 INSERT 语句中指定一个值,只要它是唯一的即可,该值将被用来替代自动生成的值,后续的增量将开始使用该手工插入的值。在使用 AUTO_INCREMENT 列时可使用 last_insert_id() 函数获得最后一个 AUTO_INCREMENT 值。

4. default

使用 DEFAULT 指定某一列的默认值,默认值不能使用函数,只能使用常量。

5. 引擎类型

目前所创建的表都以 ENGINE=InnoDB 结尾,与其他 DBMS 一样,MySQL 有一个具体管理和处理数据的内部引擎。在你使用 CREATE TABLE 语句时,该引擎具体创建表,而在你使用 SELECT 语句或其他语句进行数据处理时,该引擎在内部处理你的请求。MySQL 具有多种引擎,它打包多个引擎,这些引擎隐藏在MySQL服务器内,全都能执行SQL语句,各个引擎的功能和特性不同。

InnoDB是一个可靠的事务处理引擎,它不支持全文本搜索;

MEMORY在功能上等同于MyISAM,但由于数据存储在内存中,速度很快(特别适合于临时表);

MyISAM是一个性能极高的引擎,它支持全文本搜索,但不支持事务处理。

引擎类型可以混用,但是外键不能跨引擎。

6. 更新表

使用 ALTER TABLE 语句,一般情况下,当表中存储数据后就不应该被更新。使用 ALTER TABLE 语句要小心。

给表添加一个列:

mysql> ALTER TABLE mytable

-> ADD myaddress char(50);

删除刚刚添加的列:

mysql> ALTER TABLE mytable

-> DROP COLUMN myaddress;

ALTER TABLE 常见的用途是来定义外键,如上面的代码所示。

7. 删除表和重命名表

mysql> DROP TABLE mytable2;

mysql> RENAME TABLE mytable2 TO mytable;

这条语句删除 mytable2 表,删除表没有确认,也不能撤销,执行这条语句将永久删除该表。

三、插入更新删除数据

插入更新删除数据的代码参考上面 populate.sql

1. 数据插入

插入完整的行

mysql> INSERT INTO mytable VALUES ( 1001,'Evan','male','ShangHai','12345');

这种方式必须按次序给出所有列的值,如果不想给值的可以给出 NULL ,这种方式依赖于表中的列次序,不可靠。

可靠的方式是给出每列的名字(可以不按照表中列的次序):

mysql> INSERT INTO mytable(name, address, phone, gender)

VALUES('Ive', 'LuoYang', '887631', 'female');

也可以一次插入多行,像这样:

mysql> INSERT INTO mytable(name, address, phone, gender)

-> VALUES('Unn', 'LuoYang', '887631', 'female'),

-> ('Angle', 'QingDao', '23667', 'female');

插入检索出的数据

新建一个表 mytable_new ,把 mytable 里的数据导入到 mytable_new 中:

mysql> INSERT INTO mytable_new( myid, name, gender)

-> SELECT myid, name, gender

-> FROM mytable;

2. 数据更新

基本的 UPDATE 语句由三部分构成:要更新的表,列名和他们的新值,确定要更新行的过滤条件。

更新某一行:

mysql> UPDATE mytable_new

-> SET name = 'Lucy'

-> WHERE myid = 1002;

一定要加上 WHERE 的过滤条件,否则此条语句会更新表中的所有行的 name 字段。

更新多个列:

mysql> UPDATE mytable_new

-> SET name = 'Ann',

-> myphone = '1324576'

-> WHERE myid = 1002;

在用 UPDATE 语句进行更新多行的操作时,如果发生错误,则整个 UPDATE 更新操作将被取消,发生错误前已经更新过的列将恢复原来的值。为了在发生错误时继续进行更新可使用 IGNORE 关键字:

mysql> UPDATE IGNORE mytable_new ...

为了删除某个列的值,可设置为 NULL(假设允许为NULL):

mysql> UPDATE IGNORE mytable_new

-> SET name = NULL

-> WHERE myid = 1003;

3. 数据删除

mysql> DELETE FROM mytable_new

-> WHERE myid = 1004;

记得加上 WHERE 过滤条件,否则会删除表中所有的行。

DELETE 语句删除表中的某一行或者所有行,但不会删除表本身。

如果想删除表中的所有行可以使用更快的语句:

TRUNCATE TABLE

该语句实际上是删除表,然后在新建一个表。

使用插入更新删除语句时要特别小心,因为 MySQL 没有 undo 操作。

  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值