讲解C语言编程中的结构体对齐
Q:关于结构体的对齐,到底遵循什么原则?
A:首先先不讨论结构体按多少字节对齐,先看看只以1字节对齐的情况:
#include#include#define PRINT_D(intValue) printf(#intValue" is %dn", (intValue));#define OFFSET(struct,member) ((char *)&((struct *)0)->member - (char *)0)#pragma pack(1)typedef struct{ char sex; short score; int age;}student;int main(){ PRINT_D(sizeof(student)) PRINT_D(OFFSET(student,sex)) PRINT_D(OFFSET(student,score)) PRINT_D(OFFSET(student,age)) return 0;}
输出:
sizeof(student) is 7OFFSET(student,sex) is 0OFFSET(student,score) is 1OFFSET(student,age) is 3
可以看到,如果按1字节对齐,那么结构体内部的成员紧密排列,sizeof(char) == 1, sizeof(short) == 2, sizeof(int) == 4.
修改上面的代码, 去掉#pragma pack语句,代码如下:
#include#include#define PRINT_D(intValue) printf(#intValue" is %dn", (intValue));#define OFFSET(struct,me