此次遇到的是一个函数使用不熟练造成的问题,但有了分析工具后可以很快定位到问题(此处推荐一个非常棒的抓包工具fiddler)
正文如下:
在爬取某个app数据时(app上的数据都是由http请求的),用Fidder分析了请求信息,并把python的request header信息写在程序中进行请求数据
代码如下
importrequestsurl= 'http://xxx?startDate=2017-10-19&endDate=2017-10-19&pageIndex=1&limit=50&sort=datetime&order=desc'headers={"Host":"xxx.com","Connection": "keep-alive","Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.59 Safari/537.36","X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest","Referer": "http://app.jg.eastmoney.com/html_Report/index.html","Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate","Accept-Language": "en-us,en","Cookie":"xxx"}
r= requests.get(url,headers)
print (r.text)
请求成功但是,返回的是
{"Id":"6202c187-2fad-46e8-b4c6-b72ac8de0142","ReturnMsg":"加载失败!"}
就是被发现不是正常请求被拦截了
然后我去Fidder中看刚才python发送请求的记录 #盖掉的两个部分分别是Host和URL,
然后查看请求详细信息的时候,请求头并没有加载进去,User-Agent就写着python-requests ! #请求头里的UA信息是java,python程序,有点反爬虫意识的网站、app都会拦截掉
Header详细信息如下
GET http://xxx?istartDate=2017-10-19&endDate=2017-10-19&pageIndex=1&limit=50&sort=datetime&order=desc
&Host=xxx.com
&Connection=keep-alive
&Accept=application%2Fjson%2C+text%2Fjavascript%2C+%2A%2F%2A%3B+q%3D0.01
&User-Agent=Mozilla%2F5.0+%28Windows+NT+6.1%3B+WOW64%29+AppleWebKit%2F537.36+%28KHTML%2C+like+Gecko%29+Chrome%2F29.0.1547.59+Safari%2F537.36
&X-Requested-With=XMLHttpRequest
&Referer=xxx
&Accept-Encoding=gzip%2Cdeflate
&Accept-Language=en-us%2Cen
&Cookie=xxx
HTTP/1.1
Host: xxx.com
User-Agent: python-requests/2.18.4Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept:*/*Connection: keep-alive
HTTP/1.1 200OK
Server: nginx/1.2.2Date: Sat,21 Oct 2017 06:07:21GMT
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8Content-Length: 75Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: private
X-AspNetMvc-Version: 5.2X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
一开始还没发现,等我把请求的URL信息全部读完,才发现程序把我的请求头信息当做参数放到了URL里
那就是我请求的时候request函数Header信息参数用错了
又重新看了一下Requests库的Headers参数使用方法,发现有一行代码写错了,在使用request.get()方法时要把参数 “headers =“写出来
更改如下:
importrequests
url= 'http://xxx?startDate=2017-10-19&endDate=2017-10-19&pageIndex=1&limit=50&sort=datetime&order=desc'headers={"Host":"xxx.com","Connection": "keep-alive","Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.59 Safari/537.36","X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest","Referer": "http://app.jg.eastmoney.com/html_Report/index.html","Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate","Accept-Language": "en-us,en","Cookie":"xxx"}
r= requests.get(url,headers=headers)
然后去查看Fiddler中的请求,
此次python中的请求头已经正常了,请求详细信息如下
GET http://xxx?startDate=2017-10-19&endDate=2017-10-19&pageIndex=1&limit=50&sort=datetime&order=desc HTTP/1.1User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.59 Safari/537.36Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01Connection: keep-alive
Host: xxx.com
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Referer: http://xxxAccept-Language: en-us,en
Cookie: xxx
HTTP/1.1 200OK
Server: nginx/1.2.2Date: Sat,21 Oct 2017 06:42:21GMT
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8Content-Length: 75Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: private
X-AspNetMvc-Version: 5.2X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
然后又用python程序请求了一次,结果请求成功,返回的还是
{"Id":"6202c187-2fad-46e8-b4c6-b72ac8de0142","ReturnMsg":"加载失败!"}
因为一般cookie都会在短时间内过期,所以更新了cookie,然后请求成功
需要注意的是用程序爬虫一定要把Header设置好,这个app如果反爬的时候封ip的话可能就麻烦了。