If you stumbled across this question but are actually looking for a solution that works on Linux, this is for you.
If you can add parameters to the java binary which launches the application, you can use the option -D to pass a value for the sun.java2d.uiScale proprty to specify a scaling factor for Java2D. This will scale your application. The scaling factor value is a double. Make sure that you pass this option to the java binary itself, not the launched Java application.
Example: Launch NearInfinity.jar with a UI scaling factor of 2.5
java -Dsun.java2d.uiScale=2.5 -jar ~/jars/NearInfinity.jar
Alternatively, you can set the GDK_SCALE environment variable.
Example:
GDK_SCALE=2 java -jar ~/jars/NearInfinity.jar
I found this ArchLinux Wiki article quite useful in general for running Linux on HiDPI systems, and some of the things might work on Windows as well.