java正则表达式非贪婪_廖雪峰Java9正则表达式-2正则表达式进阶-5非贪婪匹配

1.贪婪匹配

问题：给定一个字符串表示的数字，判断该数字末尾0的个数?

"123000": 3个0

"10100": 2个0

"1001": 0个0

先使用"^(\d+)(0*)$"匹配这三个字符串

public class Phone{

public static void matchForZero(String s){

Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(\\d+)(0*)$");

Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);

if (matcher.matches()){

System.out.print("第一组数："+matcher.group(1)+"\t");

System.out.println("第二组数："+matcher.group(2));

}

}

}

public class PhoneTest {

@Test

public void testMatchForZero(){

Phone.matchForZero("123000");

Phone.matchForZero("10100");

Phone.matchForZero("1001");

}

}

结果：0并未匹配到，group1将整个字符串完全匹配

原因：正则表达式默认使用贪婪匹配，尽可能多的向后匹配

2.非贪婪匹配

1中的解决方法：使用？实现非贪婪匹配

修改方法，再次运行

public class Phone{

public static void matchForZero(String s){

Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(\\d+?)(0*)$");// \d尽可能少的匹配，0尽可能多的匹配

Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);

if (matcher.matches()){

System.out.print("第一组数："+matcher.group(1)+"\t");

System.out.println("第二组数："+matcher.group(2));

}

}

}

3.区分非贪婪匹配与个数匹配

注意：？既能表示非贪婪匹配，也能表示0个或1个，所以要注意其含义

public class Phone{

public static void matchForZero(String s){

Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(\\d??)(9*)$");

//第一个?表示0个或1个，可以匹配0或1个9

//第二个?表示非贪婪匹配，尽可能少的匹配，两者综合，即匹配0个

Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);

if (matcher.matches()){

System.out.print("第一组数："+matcher.group(1)+"\t");

System.out.println("第二组数："+matcher.group(2));

}

}

}

public class PhoneTest {

@Test

public void testMatchForZero(){

Phone.matchForZero("9999");

}

}

4.代码示例

4.1贪婪匹配

ZeroCount.java

package com.testList;

import java.util.regex.Matcher;

import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class ZeroCount {

public static int zeros(String s){

Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^\\d+(0*)$");

Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);

if(matcher.matches()){

String zeroStr = matcher.group(1);

return zeroStr.length();

}

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a number");

}

}

ZeroCountTest.java

package com.testList;

import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class ZeroCountTest {

@Test

public void zeros() {

assertEquals(0, ZeroCount.zeros("123456"));

assertEquals(1, ZeroCount.zeros("123450"));

assertEquals(2, ZeroCount.zeros("123400"));

assertEquals(3, ZeroCount.zeros("123000"));

assertEquals(4, ZeroCount.zeros("120000"));

assertEquals(2, ZeroCount.zeros("100100"));

}

}

4.2非贪婪匹配

package com.testList;

import java.util.regex.Matcher;

import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class ZeroCount {

public static int zeros(String s){

Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^\\d+?(0*)$");

Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);

if(matcher.matches()){

String zeroStr = matcher.group(1);

return zeroStr.length();

}

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a number");

}

}

5.总结

正则表达式匹配默认使用贪婪匹配

使用?表示对某一规则进行非贪婪匹配

注意区分?的含义 \d??