java threadlocal 例子_在Java中分析ThreadLocal实例

在Java中分析ThreadLocal实例

从概念上理解threadlocal可以使变量与多个线程隔离，以实现线程安全. threadlocal打包的变量最终专用于每个相应的线程. 线程彼此独立. 一个具体的实现用于说明: <

public interface Consumer {

int consume();

}

public class ComsumeThread implements Runnable {

private Consumer consumer;

public ComsumeThread(Consumer consumer) {

this.consumer = consumer;

}

@Override

public void run() {

for(int i=0;i<10;i++){

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" After Consume left:"+consumer.consume());

}

}

}

public class ConsumeClientA implements Consumer {

private static int leftNum = 30;

@Override

public int consume() {

int orgLeftNum = leftNum;

Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());

try {

Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(3));

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

orgLeftNum = orgLeftNum -1;

leftNum = orgLeftNum;

return leftNum;

}

public static void main(String[] args){

Consumer consumer = new ConsumeClientA();

Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ComsumeThread(consumer));

Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ComsumeThread(consumer));

Thread thread3 = new Thread(new ComsumeThread(consumer));

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

thread3.start();

}

}

ConsumeClientA没有进行任何线程安全的处理，结果如下:

Thread-2 After Consume left:29

Thread-1 After Consume left:29

Thread-3 After Consume left:29

Thread-2 After Consume left:28

Thread-1 After Consume left:28

Thread-3 After Consume left:28

Thread-2 After Consume left:27

Thread-1 After Consume left:27

Thread-2 After Consume left:26

Thread-3 After Consume left:27

Thread-1 After Consume left:25

Thread-2 After Consume left:25

Thread-3 After Consume left:25

Thread-1 After Consume left:24

Thread-2 After Consume left:24

Thread-3 After Consume left:24

Thread-1 After Consume left:23

Thread-2 After Consume left:23

Thread-3 After Consume left:23

Thread-1 After Consume left:22

Thread-2 After Consume left:22

Thread-3 After Consume left:22

Thread-1 After Consume left:21

Thread-2 After Consume left:21

Thread-3 After Consume left:21

Thread-1 After Consume left:20

Thread-2 After Consume left:20

Thread-3 After Consume left:20

Thread-1 After Consume left:19

Thread-3 After Consume left:18

添加线程本地处理，每个线程彼此独立，实现如下:

public class ConsumeClientB implements Consumer {

private ThreadLocal leftNumThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal(){

@Override

protected Integer initialValue() {

return 30;

}

};

@Override

public int consume() {

int orgLeftNum = leftNumThreadLocal.get();

Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());

try {

Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(3));

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

orgLeftNum = orgLeftNum -1;

leftNumThreadLocal.set(orgLeftNum);

return leftNumThreadLocal.get();

}

public static void main(String[] args){

Consumer consumer = new ConsumeClientB();

Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ComsumeThread(consumer));

Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ComsumeThread(consumer));

Thread thread3 = new Thread(new ComsumeThread(consumer));

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

thread3.start();

}

}

操作结果如下:

Thread-1 After Consume left:29

Thread-3 After Consume left:29

Thread-2 After Consume left:29

Thread-1 After Consume left:28

Thread-3 After Consume left:28

Thread-2 After Consume left:28

Thread-1 After Consume left:27

Thread-3 After Consume left:27

Thread-2 After Consume left:27

Thread-1 After Consume left:26

Thread-3 After Consume left:26

Thread-2 After Consume left:26

Thread-1 After Consume left:25

Thread-3 After Consume left:25

Thread-2 After Consume left:25

Thread-1 After Consume left:24

Thread-3 After Consume left:24

Thread-2 After Consume left:24

Thread-1 After Consume left:23

Thread-3 After Consume left:23

Thread-2 After Consume left:23

Thread-1 After Consume left:22

Thread-3 After Consume left:22

Thread-2 After Consume left:22

Thread-1 After Consume left:21

Thread-3 After Consume left:21

Thread-2 After Consume left:21

Thread-1 After Consume left:20

Thread-3 After Consume left:20

Thread-2 After Consume left:20

每个线程都有自己的独立变量threadlocal使用实例，将它们彼此隔离以实现线程安全.

ThreadLocal如何实现这种线程隔离和线程安全性？

从ThreadLocal源代码可以看出，线程隔离和线程挂钩实际上是ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap的实现类. 最明显的体现是，这样的Thread源代码变量声明表明ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap和Thread Relationships:

ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals, inheritableThreadLocals;

Thread类包含threadLocals对象. ThreadLocal的具体实现是根据提供的get，set和其他接口，对当前线程的threadLocals变量执行相关操作，例如以下get操作代码:

public T get() {

Thread t = Thread.currentThread();

ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);

if (map != null) {

ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);

if (e != null)

return (T)e.value;

}

return setInitialValue();

}

ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {

return t.threadLocals;

}

如您所见，getMap()方法是从当前线程获取相应的threadLocals变量，然后从ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap类型的threadLocals变量获取与相应线程中的ThreadLocal对象相对应的变量值.

set方法的操作相同:

public void set(T value) {

Thread t = Thread.currentThread();

ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);

if(map != null) {

map.set(this, value);

} else {

this.createMap(t, value);

}

}

void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {

t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);

}

static class Entry extends WeakReference {

Object value;

Entry(ThreadLocal var1, Object var2) {

super(var1);

this.value = var2;

}

}

在ThreadLocalMap中，有一个内部类Entry数组. 条目继承WeakReference实现. WeakReference的优点是保存对象引用，而不会干扰GC回收的对象. 当线程完成对threadLocals变量的回收后，Entry将不会对其进行封装. 变量的干扰.

并且ThreadLocalMap中的键是ThreadLocal，因此ThreadLocal对象只能将ThreadLocal值保存在Thread对象中.

总而言之threadlocal使用实例，很说ThreadLocal的实现是一种映射结构，将Thread对象存储为键，将变量存储为ThreadLocalMap中的值，这实际上是错误的.

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