python的抽象类详解,Python：没有抽象方法的抽象类层次结构

So, here is a problem:

I want to define an abstract class, let's say AbstractA, which does not require subclasses to implement any of its methods, but rather to extend its functionality. In terms of Java that would be interface class.

Moreover, I want to be able to create an abstract subclass, let's say AbstractB, of the AbstractA with the same properties, but some methods redefining or extending base class methods.

I don't want though to make class (AbstractA) abstract e.g. through the check of class name in __init__ or __new__, because that would require abstract subclass (AbstractB) to redefine that method along with it's main functionality, i.e. construction or initialization of a new instance. Or to call super().__init__(...) which I'd prefer to avoid as well (maybe I'm wrong here).

So, I want something like that:

class AbstractA:

def __init__(self):

# do initialization stuff

def very_common_method(self, ...):

# do very common stuff

class AbstractB(AbstractA):

# do not duplicate initialization stuff here, inherit instead

def less_common_method(self, ...):

# do less common stuff

class AX(AbstractA):

def specific_method_1(self, ...):

class BX(AbstractB):

def specific_method_2(self, ...):

# Instantiating AbstractA or AbstractB should result in error.

# Instantiating AX or BX should not.

Below I have a possible solution.

Is there any disadvantages I overlook? Better solution?

Thanks!

解决方案

Here's possible solution:

class AbstractA:

_is_abstract = True

def __init__(self):

if self._is_abstract:

raise RuntimeError("Abstract class instantiation.")

# do initialization stuff

def __init_subclass__(self): # is called every time class is subclassed

self._is_abstract = False # thus makes sure abstract check fails on a subclass

class AbstractMixin:

def __init_subclass__(self):

self._is_abstract = True

class AbstractB(AbstractMixin, AbstractA): # AbstractMixin takes precendence on MRO,

# inherit __init__ # so the class abstract check returns True.

def __init_subclass__(self):

self._is_abstract = False

class A(AbstractA):

pass

class B(AbstractB):

pass

AbstractA()

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

File "", line 5, in __init__

RuntimeError: Abstract class instantiation.

AbstractB()

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

File "", line 5, in __init__

RuntimeError: Abstract class instantiation.

A()

B()