抽象方法
抽象方法表示基类的一个方法,没有实现,所以基类不能实例化,子类实现了该抽象方法才能被实例化。
Python的abc提供了@abstractmethod装饰器实现抽象方法,下面以Python3的abc模块举例。
实现
In [19]: from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
In [20]: class A(object):
...: '''
...: 抽象类
...: '''
...: @abstractmethod
...: def fun1(self):
...: pass
...: @abstractmethod
...: def fun2(self):
...: pass
...:
In [21]: a = A()
In [22]: a
Out[22]: <__main__.A at 0x105cb8198>
In [23]: class B(A):
...: '''
...: 继承抽象类
...: '''
...:
...: pass
In [24]: b = B()
In [25]: b
Out[25]: <__main__.B at 0x105cd1a58>
- 注意此处抽象方法没有起到作用,因为抽象类没有继承ABC
In [28]: class A(ABC):
...: '''
...: 抽象类
...: '''
...: @abstractmethod
...: def fun1(self):
...: pass
...: @abstractmethod
...: def fun2(self):
...: pass
...:
In [29]: class B(A):
...: pass
...:
In [30]: b = B()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-30-bb7a6e918aa7> in <module>()
----> 1 b = B()
TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class B with abstract methods fun1, fun2
In [31]: class B(A):
...: def fun1(self):
...: print('fun1')
In [32]: b = B()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-32-bb7a6e918aa7> in <module>()
----> 1 b = B()
TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class B with abstract methods fun2