1、Spring mvc介绍
SpringMVC框架是以请求为驱动,围绕Servlet设计,将请求发给控制器,然后通过模型对象,分派器来展示请求结果视图。其中核心类是DispatcherServlet,它是一个Servlet,顶层是实现的Servlet接口。
2、SpringMVC使用
需要在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet。并且需要配置spring监听器ContextLoaderListene
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2 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
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5 springmvc
6 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
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9 contextConfigLocation
10 classpath:spring/springmvc-servlet.xml
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12 1
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15 springmvc
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3、SpringMVC运行原理
如图所示:
流程说明:
(1)客户端(浏览器)发送请求,直接请求到DispatcherServlet。
(2)DispatcherServlet根据请求信息调用HandlerMapping,解析请求对应的Handler。
(3)解析到对应的Handler后,开始由HandlerAdapter适配器处理。
(4)HandlerAdapter会根据Handler来调用真正的处理器开处理请求,并处理相应的业务逻辑。
(5)处理器处理完业务后,会返回一个ModelAndView对象,Model是返回的数据对象,View是个逻辑上的View。
(6)ViewResolver会根据逻辑View查找实际的View。
(7)DispaterServlet把返回的Model传给View。
(8)通过View返回给请求者(浏览器)
4、DispatcherServlet详细解析
首先看下源码:
1 packageorg.springframework.web.servlet;2
3 @SuppressWarnings("serial")4 public class DispatcherServlet extendsFrameworkServlet {5
6 public static final String MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "multipartResolver";7 public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "localeResolver";8 public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "themeResolver";9 public static final String HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME = "handlerMapping";10 public static final String HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerAdapter";11 public static final String HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerExceptionResolver";12 public static final String REQUEST_TO_VIEW_NAME_TRANSLATOR_BEAN_NAME = "viewNameTranslator";13 public static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "viewResolver";14 public static final String FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME = "flashMapManager";15 public static final String WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".CONTEXT";16 public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".LOCALE_RESOLVER";17 public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".THEME_RESOLVER";18 public static final String THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".THEME_SOURCE";19 public static final String INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".INPUT_FLASH_MAP";20 public static final String OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP";21 public static final String FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".FLASH_MAP_MANAGER";22 public static final String EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".EXCEPTION";23 public static final String PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY = "org.springframework.web.servlet.PageNotFound";24 private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "DispatcherServlet.properties";25 protected static final Log pageNotFoundLogger =LogFactory.getLog(PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY);26 private static finalProperties defaultStrategies;27 static{28 try{29 ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);30 defaultStrategies =PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);31 }32 catch(IOException ex) {33 throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " +ex.getMessage());34 }35 }36
37 /**Detect all HandlerMappings or just expect "handlerMapping" bean?*/
38 private boolean detectAllHandlerMappings = true;39
40 /**Detect all HandlerAdapters or just expect "handlerAdapter" bean?*/
41 private boolean detectAllHandlerAdapters = true;42
43 /**Detect all HandlerExceptionResolvers or just expect "handlerExceptionResolver" bean?*/
44 private boolean detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers = true;45
46 /**Detect all ViewResolvers or just expect "viewResolver" bean?*/
47 private boolean detectAllViewResolvers = true;48
49 /**Throw a NoHandlerFoundException if no Handler was found to process this request? **/
50 private boolean throwExceptionIfNoHandlerFound = false;51
52 /**Perform cleanup of request attributes after include request?*/
53 private boolean cleanupAfterInclude = true;54
55 /**MultipartResolver used by this servlet*/
56 privateMultipartResolver multipartResolver;57
58 /**LocaleResolver used by this servlet*/
59 privateLocaleResolver localeResolver;60
61 /**ThemeResolver used by this servlet*/
62 privateThemeResolver themeResolver;63
64 /**List of HandlerMappings used by this servlet*/
65 private ListhandlerMappings;66
67 /**List of HandlerAdapters used by this servlet*/
68 private ListhandlerAdapters;69
70 /**List of HandlerExceptionResolvers used by this servlet*/
71 private ListhandlerExceptionResolvers;72
73 /**RequestToViewNameTranslator used by this servlet*/
74 privateRequestToViewNameTranslator viewNameTranslator;75
76 privateFlashMapManager flashMapManager;77
78 /**List of ViewResolvers used by this servlet*/
79 private ListviewResolvers;80
81 publicDispatcherServlet() {82 super();83 }84
85 publicDispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext) {86 super(webApplicationContext);87 }88 @Override89 protected voidonRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {90 initStrategies(context);91 }92
93 protected voidinitStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {94 initMultipartResolver(context);95 initLocaleResolver(context);96 initThemeResolver(context);97 initHandlerMappings(context);98 initHandlerAdapters(context);99 initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);100 initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);101 initViewResolvers(context);102 initFlashMapManager(context);103 }104 }
DispatcherServlet类中的属性beans:
HandlerMapping:用于handlers映射请求和一系列的对于拦截器的前处理和后处理,大部分用@Controller注解。
HandlerAdapter:帮助DispatcherServlet处理映射请求处理程序的适配器,而不用考虑实际调用的是 哪个处理程序。
HandlerExceptionResolver:处理映射异常。
ViewResolver:根据实际配置解析实际的View类型。
LocaleResolver:解决客户正在使用的区域设置以及可能的时区,以便能够提供国际化视野。
ThemeResolver:解决Web应用程序可以使用的主题,例如提供个性化布局。
MultipartResolver:解析多部分请求,以支持从HTML表单上传文件。
FlashMapManager:存储并检索可用于将一个请求属性传递到另一个请求的input和output的FlashMap,通常用于重定向。
在Web MVC框架中,每个DispatcherServlet都拥自己的WebApplicationContext,它继承了ApplicationContext。WebApplicationContext包含了其上下文和Servlet实例之间共享的所有的基础框架beans。
HandlerAdapter:
HandlerMapping接口处理请求的映射
HandlerMapping接口的实现类:
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping类通过配置文件把URL映射到Controller类。
DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping类通过注解把URL映射到Controller类。
HandlerAdapter:
HandlerAdapter接口-处理请求映射
AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter:通过注解,把请求URL映射到Controller类的方法上。
HandlerExceptionResolver:
HandlerExceptionResolver接口-异常处理接口
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver通过配置文件进行异常处理。
AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver:通过注解进行异常处理。
ViewResolver:
ViewResolver接口解析View视图。
UrlBasedViewResolver类 通过配置文件,把一个视图名交给到一个View来处理。
本文转载:https://blog.csdn.net/yanweihpu/article/details/80366218