单表查询语法
SELECT DISTINCT 字段1,字段2... FROM 表名
WHERE 条件
GROUP BY field
HAVING 筛选
ORDER BY field
LIMIT 限制条数
关键字执行的优先级
from
where
group by
select
having
distinct
order by
limit
1.找到表:from
2.拿着where指定的约束条件,去文件/表中取出一条条记录
3.将取出的一条条记录进行分组group by,如果没有group by,则整体作为一组
4.执行select(去重)
5.将分组的结果进行having过滤
6.将结果按条件排序:order by
7.限制结果的显示条数
where约束
where字句中可以使用:
1. 比较运算符:> < >= <= <> !=
2. between 80 and 100 值在80到100之间
3. in(80,90,100) 值是80或90或100
4. like 'e%'
通配符可以是%或_,
%表示任意多字符
_表示一个字符
5. 逻辑运算符:在多个条件直接可以使用逻辑运算符 and or not
group by
单独使用GROUP BY关键字分组
SELECT post FROM employee GROUP BY post;
注意:我们按照post字段分组,那么select查询的字段只能是post,想要获取组内的其他相关信息,需要借助函数
GROUP BY关键字和GROUP_CONCAT()函数一起使用
SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(emp_name) FROM employee GROUP BY post;#按照岗位分组,并查看组内成员名
SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(emp_name) as emp_members FROM employee GROUP BY post;
GROUP BY与聚合函数一起使用
select post,count(id) as count from employee group by post;#按照岗位分组,并查看每个组有多少人
聚合函数
#强调:聚合函数聚合的是组的内容,若是没有分组,则默认一组
示例:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=1;
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee;
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employee;
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee;
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee;
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=3;
HAVING过滤
HAVING与WHERE不一样的地方在于!!!!!!
ORDER BY 查询排序
按单列排序
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary;
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary ASC;
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC;
按多列排序:先按照age排序,如果年纪相同,则按照薪资排序
SELECT * from employee
ORDER BY age,
salary DESC;
LIMIT 限制查询的记录数
示例:
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 3; #默认初始位置为0
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 0,5; #从第0开始,即先查询出第一条,然后包含这一条在内往后查5条
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 5,5; #从第5开始,即先查询出第6条,然后包含这一条在内往后查5条
使用正则表达式查询
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name REGEXP '^ale';
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name REGEXP 'on$';
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name REGEXP 'm{2}';
小结:对字符串匹配的方式
WHERE emp_name = 'egon';
WHERE emp_name LIKE 'yua%';
WHERE emp_name REGEXP 'on$';