Mysql主从方案介绍
mysql主从方案主要作用：
读写分离，使数据库能支撑更大的并发。在报表中尤其重要。由于部分报表sql语句非常的慢，导致锁表，影响前台服务。如果前台使用master，报表使用slave，那么报表sql将不会造成前台锁，保证了前台速度。
发扬不同表引擎的优点。目前Myisam表的查询速度比innodb略快，而写入并发innodb比myIsam要好。那么，我们可以使用innodb作为master，处理高并发写入，使用master作为slave，接受查询。或在myisam slave中建立全文索引，解决innodb无全文索引的弱点。
热备，slave和master的数据“准实时”同步。
准备工作。先分别安装两台MYSQL。
系统环境：
OS：RHEL5.4
主：192.168.10.197
从：192.168.10.198
1、mysql 的安装这里就不介绍了，详见安装文档。
2、my.cnf配置
a、配置MASTER
点击(此处)折叠或打开
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/home/mysqldata
log-slow-queries=slow_query.txt
log-bin=mysql-bin197
long_query_time=2
skip-locking
skip-name-resolve
skip-innodb
bind-address=192.168.10.197
max_allowed_packet = 256M
query_cache_size=256M
max_connections=2000
max_connect_errors=10000
key_buffer_size=6000M
read_buffer_size=32M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=256M
tmp_table_size=512M
old-passwords
interactive_timeout=60
wait_timeout=60
connect_timeout=120
table_cache=8192
thread_cache_size=256
sort_buffer_size=64M
back_log = 500
thread_concurrency=32
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin240
binlog-do-db=phpcmsv9
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
expire_logs_days=10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 1024M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
注释：红色是修改的部分。
其中，作为主机，server-id必须为1.
binlog_do_db为需要复制的db。binlog_ignore_db为忽略复制的db。需要增加DB的话，就增加相应的一行。
重启master数据库，运行检查：
点击(此处)折叠或打开
mysql> show master status; #检查是否以master形式启动了。
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin240.000001 | 2342775 | phpcmsv9 | mysql |
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like "%log%";
#需要看到这样的一行，说明binlog已经开启了: log_bin | ON
在master上为slave建立用户
点击(此处)折叠或打开
mysql> grant replication slave, reload, super on *.* to 'backup'@'192.168.10.198' identified by '123';
这样，主机配置完毕。b、slave配置
点击(此处)折叠或打开
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/home/mysqldata
log-slow-queries=slow_query.txt
log-bin=mysql-bin198
long_query_time=2
skip-locking
bind-address=192.168.10.198
skip-name-resolve
skip-innodb
max_allowed_packet = 256M
query_cache_size=256M
max_connections=2000
max_connect_errors=10000
key_buffer_size=6000M
read_buffer_size=32M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=256M
tmp_table_size=512M
old-passwords
interactive_timeout=60
wait_timeout=60
connect_timeout=120
table_cache=8192
thread_cache_size=256
sort_buffer_size=64M
back_log = 500
thread_concurrency=8
server-id=2
master-host=192.168.10.197
master-user=backup
master-password=123
master-port=3306
replicate-do-db=phpcmsv9
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
master-connect-retry=60
expire_logs_days=10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 1024M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
注释：红色部分为修改的地方
1.启动主服务器和从服务器服务，在从服务器192.168.17.2上使用命令slave start启动复制;
2.随便使用命令show slave status;
如果出现主从复制报错了
点击(此处)折叠或打开
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
Master_Host: 192.168.10.197
Master_User: backup
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin240.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2342431
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin240.000001
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: phpcmsv9
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2342431
Relay_Log_Space: 106
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 1130
Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'backup@192.168.10.197:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 86400
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
这是由于MASTER没有赋予权限的关系
3在从服务器192.168.17.2运行slave stop;停止复制命令
4输入
点击(此处)折叠或打开
mysql>CHANGE MASTER to MASTER_HOST='192.168.15.197', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='123', MASTER_LOG_FILE=’mysql-bin240.000001'；, MASTER_LOG_POS=2342775;
5然后重新启动slave start命令后
点击(此处)折叠或打开
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.10.197
Master_User: backup
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin240.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2342775
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 598
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin240.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: phpcmsv9
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2342775
Relay_Log_Space: 757
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
在从库192.168.17.2 select查询，发现后面插入的两条语句已经同步过来了，随后继续插入测试没有发现问题。
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