android数据储存工程,Android 数据存储汇总

Android 应用中常常会将一些数据保存到手机中，比如我们常见的偏好设置。将数据保存在本机，能够适配用户喜好，提供更好的用户体验。

Android 保存数据，有 4 种常见的方式：

保存在内部的私有文件夹;

sharedPreference;

sd 卡的公共部分；

存储到数据库中；

Android 的文件目录，分为以下几类：

1 system/app 系统自带的应用程序，无法删除。

2 data/app 用户程序安装的目录，有删除权限。安装时把apk文件复制到此目录。

3 data/data 存放应用程序的数据。Androd 会为每一个新安装的 App 生成一个目录，称为沙盒，用于保存应用程序运行时生成的数据。

4 data/dalvik-cache 将apk中的dex文件安装到 dalvik-cache 目录下(dex文件是dalvik虚拟机的可执行文件,其大小约为原始apk文件大小的四分之一)。

xml 数据的保存和读取

Android 中可以用 XmlSerializer 类生成 xml 文件格式的数据。

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

String student_name = et_name.getText().toString().trim();

String student_number = et_number.getText().toString().trim();

int rg_id = rg_sex.getCheckedRadioButtonId();

switch (rg_id){

case R.id.rg_man:

sex = "男";

break;

case R.id.rg_female:

sex = "女";

break;

default:

sex = "保密";

break;

}

if (TextUtils.isEmpty(student_name) || TextUtils.isEmpty(student_number) || TextUtils.isEmpty(sex)){

Toast.makeText(this, "信息不能为空", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

return;

}

XmlSerializer serializer = Xml.newSerializer();

File file = new File(getFilesDir(), student_name+".xml");

try {

OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);

serializer.setOutput(os, "utf-8");

serializer.startDocument("utf-8", true);

serializer.startTag(null,"student");

serializer.startTag(null, "name");

serializer.text(student_name);

serializer.endTag(null, "name");

serializer.startTag(null, "sex");

serializer.text(sex);

serializer.endTag(null, "sex");

serializer.startTag(null, "number");

serializer.text(student_number);

serializer.endTag(null, "number");

serializer.endTag(null,"student");

serializer.endDocument();

os.close();

Toast.makeText(this, "信息保存到文件成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

其生成的文件内容为：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='yes' ?>uniapp男110

通过XmlPullParser 类解析 xml 格式文件：

public void onClick(View v){

XmlPullParser pullParser = Xml.newPullParser();

InputStream in = null;

try {

File file = new File(getFilesDir(), "uniapp.xml");

pullParser.setInput(new FileInputStream(file), "utf-8");

int eventType = pullParser.getEventType();

Student st = null;

while (eventType!=XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT){

if (eventType== XmlPullParser.START_TAG){

if ("student".equals(pullParser.getName())){

st = new Student();

}

else if ("name".equals(pullParser.getName())){

String name = pullParser.nextText();

st.setName(name);

}else if ("sex".equals(pullParser.getName())){

String sex = pullParser.nextText();

st.setSex(sex);

}

else if ("number".equals(pullParser.getName())){

String number = pullParser.nextText();

st.setNumber(number);

}

}

eventType = pullParser.next();

}

if (st != null){

Toast.makeText(this, st.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

Android 中 SharedPreference 的存取

private SharedPreferences sp ;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_setting);

LinearLayout layout_setting = findViewById(R.id.layout_setting);

final CheckBox cb = findViewById(R.id.checkBox);

SeekBar sb = findViewById(R.id.seekBar);

sp = getSharedPreferences("setting", 0);

Boolean isChecked = sp.getBoolean("isCheck", false);

cb.setChecked(isChecked);

sb.setProgress(sp.getInt("progress", 0));

layout_setting.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

cb.setChecked(!cb.isChecked());

SharedPreferences.Editor et = sp.edit();

et.putBoolean("isCheck", cb.isChecked());

et.commit();

}

});

sb.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener() {

@Override

public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) {

}

@Override

public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

}

@Override

public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

sp = getSharedPreferences("setting", 0);

SharedPreferences.Editor et = sp.edit();

et.putInt("progress", seekBar.getProgress());

et.commit();

}

});

}

Android 数据库的存取

Androi 中封装了 sqlitLite 数据库，继承至 SQLiteOpenHelper 即可找到使用接口：

public class StudentDbOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

public StudentDbOpenHelper(Context context) {

super(context, "student.db", null, 10);

}

@Override

public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

db.execSQL("create table students (_id integer primary key autoincrement, _name vachar(30), " +

"_sex varchar(10))");

}

@Override

public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

// db.execSQL("alter table students add _sex varchar(10)");

}

}

将数据库的增删改查封装封装为操作类 StudentDao ：

public class StudentDao {

StudentDbOpenHelper helper;

public StudentDao(Context context) {

helper = new StudentDbOpenHelper(context);

}

public void add(Student st){

SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();

db.execSQL("insert into students values(null,?,?)",

new Object[]{st.getName(), st.getSex()});

// ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();

// contentValues.put("name", st.getName());

// contentValues.put("sex", st.getSex());

// db.insertOrThrow("students", null, contentValues)

}

public void delete(String id){

SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();

db.execSQL("delete from students where _id = ?", new Object[]{id});

}

public void update(Student st){

SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();

db.execSQL("update students set _name=?,_sex=? where _id=?", new Object[]{

st.getName(),st.getSex(), st.getId()

});

}

public Student find(String id){

SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();

Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from students where _id=?", new String[]{id});

Boolean res = cursor.moveToNext();

Student st = null;

if (res){

int id1 = cursor.getInt(0);

String name = cursor.getString(1);

String sex = cursor.getString(2);

st = new Student(String.valueOf(id1), name, sex);

}

return st;

}

//查询所有学生信息

public List getAll(){

SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();

Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from students" ,null);

List list = new ArrayList();

while (cursor.moveToNext()){

Student st = new Student(String.valueOf(cursor.getInt(0)), cursor.getString(1),

cursor.getString(2));

list.add(st);

}

return list;

}

}

覆盖 Student 类的 toString 方法:

public class Student {

private String id;

private String name;

private String sex;

public Student(String id, String name, String sex) {

this.id = id;

this.name = name;

this.sex = sex;

}

public String getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(String id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getSex() {

return sex;

}

public void setSex(String sex) {

this.sex = sex;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return this.getId() + " name: " + this.getName() + " sex: " + this.getSex();

}

}

最后在 Activity 的 listView 中进行展示：

public class SqliteActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

ListView listView;

StudentDao sd;

List list_students;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_sqlite);

listView = findViewById(R.id.listView);

sd = new StudentDao(this);

}

private MyAdapter myAdapter;

public void onClick(View v){

list_students = sd.getAll();

if (myAdapter == null){

myAdapter = new MyAdapter();

listView.setAdapter(myAdapter);

}else {

myAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

}

}

class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

@Override

public int getCount() {

return list_students.size();

}

@Override

public Object getItem(int position) {

return null;

}

@Override

public long getItemId(int position) {

return 0;

}

//position: 位置; convertView: 用于优化; parent: item 所在的父控件;

@Override

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

View view;

if (convertView!=null){

view = convertView;

}else {

view = View.inflate(SqliteActivity.this, R.layout.item_student, null);

}

ImageView iv = view.findViewById(R.id.item_iv);

TextView tv = view.findViewById(R.id.item_tv);

final Student student = list_students.get(position);

ImageView iv_delete = view.findViewById(R.id.iv_delete);

iv_delete.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(SqliteActivity.this);

builder.setTitle("删除...");

builder.setMessage("删除吗?");

builder.setPositiveButton("删除", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

String id = student.getId();

sd.delete(id);

Toast.makeText(SqliteActivity.this, "删除成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

SqliteActivity.this.onClick(null);

}

});

builder.setNegativeButton("取消", null);

builder.create();

builder.show();

}

});

String sex = student.getSex();

if ("男".equals(sex)){

iv.setImageResource(R.drawable.nan1);

}else {

iv.setImageResource(R.drawable.nv);

}

tv.setText(position + student.getName());

return view;

}

}

}

Android 在存储数据工程中会出现的两种问题

oom ： 内存溢出，占用内存过高，被系统杀死；

memery leak: 内存泄漏，对象占用内存忘记释放；

Android 5 种进度条实现方式

//确认取消

public void show1(View view){

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);

builder.setTitle("新信息");

builder.setMessage("约饭吗?");

builder.setPositiveButton("约", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Toast.makeText(ListActivity.this, "可以", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

});

builder.setNegativeButton("算了吧", null);

builder.show();

}

//单选

public void show2(View view){

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);

builder.setTitle("单选");

String[] items = {"小丽", "小红", "小芳"};

builder.setSingleChoiceItems(items, -1, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Toast.makeText(ListActivity.this, "item is " + which, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

});

builder.show();

}

//多选

public void show3(View view){

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);

builder.setTitle("单选");

String[] items = {"小丽", "小红", "小芳"};

final boolean[] checkdItems = {true, false, true};

builder.setMultiChoiceItems(items, checkdItems, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {

// checkdItems[which] = isChecked;

Toast.makeText(ListActivity.this, "item is " + which + " " + isChecked, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

});

builder.show();

}

//进度条

public void show4(View view){

final ProgressDialog dialog = new ProgressDialog(this);

dialog.setMessage("正在加载中...");

dialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);

dialog.setMax(100);

Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

try {

for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i=i+10){

Thread.sleep(1000);

dialog.setProgress(i);

}

//子线程沉睡

//让他显示10秒后，取消ProgressDialog

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

dialog.dismiss();

}

});

dialog.show();

t.start();

}

//进度转盘

public void show5(View view){

final ProgressDialog dialog = ProgressDialog.show(this, "",

"下载数据，请稍等 …", true, true);

Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

try {

//子线程沉睡

Thread.sleep(10000);//让他显示10秒后，取消ProgressDialog

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

dialog.dismiss();

}

});

t.start();

}

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