python字典的键有什么要求,在Python中使用范围作为字典键，我有什么选项？

This is my first post and I'm quite new at programming, so I might not be able to convey my question appropriately, but I'll do my best!

tries_dict = {1:'first', 2:'second', 3:'third', 4:'fourth', ub_tries:'last'}

ub_tries = user input

tries = 1

input ('\nCome on make your ' + tries_dict.get(tries) + guess: ')

These 3 elements are part of a number guess game I created, and I included them in a while loop where tries += 1 after each wrong answer.

As you can see, in my dictionary there are custom values for the first 4 answers and the last possible chance before the game is over, so here is what I tried to do:

I wanted to find a way to have the 'NEXT' value for every answer/key between 'fourth' and 'last'.

As in:

tries = 5

Come on make your next guess

tries = 6

Come on make your next guess

and so on

I did find a way with some complex looping, but being the curious type I wanted to know of more efficient/practical ways to accomplish this.

Here are some options i thought about but couldn't get to work:

Using a range as a key

Finding a way to generate a list with values between 4 and ub_tries and using that list as a key

So generally speaking: how can one create a way to have this general answer (next or whatever) for keys that aren't specified in a dictionary?

Any feedback would be greatly appreciated, feel free to ask for clarifications since I can tell myself my question is kind of messy.

I hope I get more crafty both at programming and asking related questions, so far my programming is nearly as messy as my summary skills, sigh!

解决方案

I'm not sure whether this is what you want, but dict.get may be the answer:

>>> ub_tries = 20

>>> tries_dict = {1:'first', 2:'second', 3:'third', 4:'fourth', ub_tries:'last'}

>>> tries_dict.get(1, 'next')

'first'

>>> tries_dict.get(4, 'next')

'fourth'

>>> tries_dict.get(5, 'next')

'next'

>>> tries_dict.get(20, 'next')

'last'

>>> tries_dict.get(21, 'next')

'next'

Of course you could wrap this up in a function, in various different ways. For example:

def name_try(try_number, ub_tries):

tries_dict = {1:'first', 2:'second', 3:'third', 4:'fourth', ub_tries:'last'}

return tries_dict.get(try_number, 'next')

At any rate, dict.get(key, default=None) is like dict[key], except that if key is not a member, instead of raising a KeyError, it returns default.

As for your suggestions:

using a range as a key??

Sure, you can do that (if you're in Python 2 instead of 3, use xrange for range), but how would it help?

d = { range(1, 5): '???',

range(5, ub_tries): 'next',

range(ub_tries, ub_tries + 1): 'last' }

That's perfectly legal—but d[6] is going to raise a KeyError, because 6 isn't the same thing as range(5, ub_tries).

If you want this to work, you could build a RangeDictionary like this:

class RangeDictionary(dict):

def __getitem__(self, key):

for r in self.keys():

if key in r:

return super().__getitem__(r)

return super().__getitem__(key)

But that's well beyond "beginners' Python", even for this horribly inefficient, incomplete, and non-robust implementation, so I wouldn't suggest it.

finding a way to generate a list with values between 4 and ub_tries and using such list as a key

You mean like this?

>>> ub_tries = 8

>>> tries_dict = {1:'first', 2:'second', 3:'third', 4:'fourth', ub_tries:'last'}

>>> tries_dict.update({i: 'next' for i in range(5, ub_tries)})

>>> tries_dict

{1: 'first', 2: 'second', 3: 'third', 4: 'fourth', 5: 'next', 6: 'next', 7: 'next', 8: 'last'}

>>> tries_dict[6]

'next'

That works, but it's probably not as good a solution.

Finally, you could use defaultdict, which lets you bake the default value into the dictionary, instead of passing it as part of each call:

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> tries_dict = defaultdict(lambda: 'next',

... {1:'first', 2:'second', 3:'third', 4:'fourth', ub_tries:'last'})

>>> tries_dict

defaultdict( at 0x10272fef0>, {8: 'last', 1: 'first', 2: 'second', 3: 'third', 4: 'fourth'})

>>> tries_dict[5]

'next'

>>> tries_dict

defaultdict( at 0x10272fef0>, {1: 'first', 2: 'second', 3: 'third', 4: 'fourth', 5: 'next', 8: 'last'})

However, note that this permanently creates each element the first time you ask for it—and you have to create a function that returns the default value. This makes it more useful for cases where you're going to be updating values, and just want a default as a starting point.