mysql对哪些字符敏感_MySQL 字符类型大小写敏感

mysql字符类型默认是不区分大小写的，即select * from t where name='aaa'与='aaa'没区别，以下是测试的例子

(root@localhost)[hello]> create table test1(id int, name varchar(10));

(root@localhost)[hello]> insert into test1 values(1,'aaa'),(2,'aaa'),(3,'bbb'),(4,'bbb');

(root@localhost)[hello]> select * from test1;

+------+------+

| id | name |

+------+------+

| 1 | aaa |

| 2 | aaa |

| 3 | bbb |

| 4 | bbb |

+------+------+

(root@localhost)[hello]> select * from test1 where name = 'aaa';

+------+------+

| id | name |

+------+------+

| 1 | aaa |

| 2 | aaa |

+------+------+

(root@localhost)[hello]> select * from test1 where name = 'aaa';

+------+------+

| id | name |

+------+------+

| 1 | aaa |

| 2 | aaa |

+------+------+

可以看到此时where条件后面的'aaa'与'aaa'，查出来的结果没啥区别。

如果只想找出'aaa'的可以有以下几种办法

1.在sql中加入binary关键字

(root@localhost)[hello]> select * from test1 where binary name = 'aaa';

+------+------+

| id | name |

+------+------+

| 2 | aaa |

+------+------+

2.修改列的定义

先查看原始表的定义

(root@localhost)[hello]> show create table test1\g

*************************** 1. row ***************************

table: test1

create table: create table `test1` (

`id` int(11) default null,

`name` varchar(10) default null

) engine=innodb default charset=utf8mb4

修改表test1的name列

alter table test1 modify column name varchar(10) character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin default null;

collate utf8mb4_bin表示where过滤或者order by排序区分大小写

此时查看test1的定义

(root@localhost)[hello]> show create table test1\g

*************************** 1. row ***************************

table: test1

create table: create table `test1` (

`id` int(11) default null,

`name` varchar(10) character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin default null

) engine=innodb default charset=utf8mb4

接着再执行查询语句

(root@localhost)[hello]> select * from test1 where name='aaa';

+------+------+

| id | name |

+------+------+

| 2 | aaa |

+------+------+

下面再创建一张test2表，就会发现上面修改列的语句其实相当于在创建表时varchar后面跟binary

(root@localhost)[hello]> create table test2(id int, name varchar(10) binary);

(root@localhost)[hello]> show create table test2\g

*************************** 1. row ***************************

table: test2

create table: create table `test2` (

`id` int(11) default null,

`name` varchar(10) character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin default null

) engine=innodb default charset=utf8mb4

下面介绍如何设置字符大小写敏感

数据库级别设置字符大小写敏感

创建

create database default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin;

修改

alter database default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin;

表级别设置字符大小写敏感

创建

create table (

......

) engine=innodb default charset=utf8mb4 collate=utf8mb4_bin;

修改

alter table engine=innodb default charset=utf8mb4 collate=utf8mb4_bin;

列级别设置字符大小写敏感

创建

create table (

`field1` varchar(10) character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin,

......

)

修改

alter table modify column `field1` varchar(10) character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin default null;

继承关系是列-->表-->库，优先级是列>表>库

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