添加linux软件源,修改Linux软件源

生物信息中，常用的Linux发行版为 Ubuntu 以及CentOS。本文以设置清华大学软件源为例，更改替换 Ubuntu 18.04 及 CentOS7 系统安装完成后的默认软件源。

Ubuntu 18.04

Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件是 /etc/apt/sources.list。将系统自带的该文件做个备份sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak，然后，将该文件替换为下面内容，即可使用 TUNA 的软件源镜像。

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用

# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

然后，更新升级系统。

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

CentOS 7

首先备份 CentOS-Base.repo sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak

之后启用 TUNA 软件仓库， 将以下内容写入 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

# CentOS-Base.repo

#

# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the

# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and

# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates

# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.

#

# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the

# remarked out baseurl= line instead.

#

#

[base]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Base

baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates

[updates]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates

baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful

[extras]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras

baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

[centosplus]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus

baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

然后，更新软件包缓存 sudo yum makecache