java管理多个应用程序,Java应用程序,具有多个场景

基本上,在Swing中,CardLayout允许您在单个容器内切换视图.首先来看看How to Use CardLayout了解更多细节.

以下示例使用Model-View-Controller方法,旨在同时解耦代码,所以我担心它有点长,但这是使用MVC和代码分离方法的结果(我喜欢编码到接口)

让我们首先定义我们想要的视图……

public interface IView {

public JComponent getView();

public C getViewController();

}

public interface ILoginView extends IView {

}

public interface IWelcomeView extends IView {

}

显然,我们从视图的基本概念开始并以此为基础.每个视图都有一个控制器,它决定了每个视图的功能……

public interface IViewController {

}

public interface ILoginViewController extends IViewController {

public void loginWasSuccessful(ICredentials credentials);

public void loginDidFail();

public void loginWasCancelled();

}

public interface IWelcomeViewController extends IViewController {

public ICredentials getCredentials();

public void setCredentials(ICredentials credentials);

public void setCredentialsListener(ICredentialsListener listener);

public ICredentialsListener getCredentialsListener();

public interface ICredentialsListener {

public void credentialsWereUpdated(ICredentials credentials);

}

}

显然,我们需要能够在视图之间传递一些数据(在这种情况下是用户详细信息或“凭据”)

public interface ICredentials {

public String getUserName();

}

现在,让我们了解一下细节并定义视图的实际实现……

public abstract class AbstractView extends JPanel implements IView {

private C viewController;

public AbstractView(C viewController) {

this.viewController = viewController;

}

@Override

public JComponent getView() {

return this;

}

@Override

public C getViewController() {

return viewController;

}

}

public class WelcomeView extends AbstractView implements IWelcomeView {

private JLabel userName;

public WelcomeView(IWelcomeViewController viewContoller) {

super(viewContoller);

viewContoller.setCredentialsListener((ICredentials credentials) -> {

userName.setText(credentials.getUserName());

revalidate();

repaint();

});

userName = new JLabel("...");

setLayout(new GridBagLayout());

GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();

gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;

gbc.insets = new Insets(10, 10, 10, 10);

add(new JLabel("WELCOME!"), gbc);

add(userName, gbc);

}

}

public class LoginView extends AbstractView implements ILoginView {

private JTextField userName;

private JPasswordField password;

private JButton login;

private JButton cancel;

public LoginView(ILoginViewController controller) {

super(controller);

setLayout(new GridBagLayout());

userName = new JTextField(10);

password = new JPasswordField(10);

login = new JButton("Login");

cancel = new JButton("Cancel");

login.addActionListener((ActionEvent e) -> {

// Fake the login process...

// This might be handed off to another controller...

String name = userName.getText();

if (name != null && !name.isEmpty()) {

Random rnd = new Random();

if (rnd.nextBoolean()) {

getViewController().loginWasSuccessful(new DefaultCredentials(userName.getText()));

} else {

getViewController().loginDidFail();

}

}

});

cancel.addActionListener((ActionEvent e) -> {

getViewController().loginWasCancelled();

});

GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();

gbc.gridx = 0;

gbc.gridy = 0;

gbc.insets = new Insets(2, 2, 2, 2);

gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;

add(new JLabel("Login"), gbc);

gbc.gridx = 0;

gbc.gridy++;

gbc.gridwidth = 1;

add(new JLabel("Username:"), gbc);

gbc.gridy++;

add(new JLabel("Password:"), gbc);

gbc.gridx++;

gbc.gridy = 1;

add(userName, gbc);

gbc.gridy++;

add(password, gbc);

JPanel controls = new JPanel();

controls.add(login);

controls.add(cancel);

gbc.gridx = 0;

gbc.gridy++;

gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;

add(controls, gbc);

}

public class DefaultCredentials implements ICredentials {

private final String userName;

public DefaultCredentials(String userName) {

this.userName = userName;

}

@Override

public String getUserName() {

return userName;

}

}

}

好的,现在我们拥有了所有这些,我们需要将它们组合在一起,通过CardLayout,这是控制器发挥作用的地方……

public class MainPane extends JPanel {

protected static final String LOGIN_VIEW = "View.login";

protected static final String WELCOME_VIEW = "View.welcome";

private CardLayout cardLayout;

private ILoginView loginView;

private IWelcomeView welcomeView;

public MainPane() {

cardLayout = new CardLayout();

setLayout(cardLayout);

// This could be established via a factory or builder pattern

loginView = new LoginView(new LoginViewController());

welcomeView = new WelcomeView(new WelcomeViewController());

add(loginView.getView(), LOGIN_VIEW);

add(welcomeView.getView(), WELCOME_VIEW);

cardLayout.show(this, LOGIN_VIEW);

}

protected class LoginViewController implements ILoginViewController {

@Override

public void loginWasSuccessful(ICredentials credentials) {

welcomeView.getViewController().setCredentials(credentials);

cardLayout.show(MainPane.this, WELCOME_VIEW);

}

@Override

public void loginDidFail() {

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(MainPane.this, "Login vaild", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);

}

@Override

public void loginWasCancelled() {

SwingUtilities.windowForComponent(MainPane.this).dispose();

}

}

protected class WelcomeViewController implements IWelcomeViewController {

private IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener credentialsListener;

private ICredentials credentials;

@Override

public ICredentials getCredentials() {

return credentials;

}

@Override

public void setCredentials(ICredentials credentials) {

this.credentials = credentials;

IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener listener = getCredentialsListener();

if (listener != null) {

listener.credentialsWereUpdated(credentials);

}

}

@Override

public void setCredentialsListener(IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener listener) {

this.credentialsListener = listener;

}

@Override

public IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener getCredentialsListener() {

return credentialsListener;

}

}

}

这几乎是“核心”Swing集成.只需很少的工作,如果您愿意,可以使用JavaFX中的控制器和视图接口.

现在所有这一切都向用户显示登录视图,如果用户成功登录,它会将视图切换到欢迎视图并将用户凭据传递给它…

如果你不想复制和粘贴所有这些,这是一个简单的可运行的例子我用来测试它…

import java.awt.CardLayout;

import java.awt.EventQueue;

import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;

import java.awt.GridBagLayout;

import java.awt.Insets;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.util.Random;

import javax.swing.JButton;

import javax.swing.JComponent;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

import javax.swing.JLabel;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import javax.swing.JPanel;

import javax.swing.JPasswordField;

import javax.swing.JTextField;

import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

import javax.swing.UIManager;

import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class TestCardLayout {

public static void main(String[] args) {

new TestCardLayout();

}

public TestCardLayout() {

EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

try {

UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());

} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {

ex.printStackTrace();

}

JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");

frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

frame.add(new MainPane());

frame.pack();

frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);

frame.setVisible(true);

}

});

}

public class MainPane extends JPanel {

protected static final String LOGIN_VIEW = "View.login";

protected static final String WELCOME_VIEW = "View.welcome";

private CardLayout cardLayout;

private ILoginView loginView;

private IWelcomeView welcomeView;

public MainPane() {

cardLayout = new CardLayout();

setLayout(cardLayout);

// This could be established via a factory or builder pattern

loginView = new LoginView(new LoginViewController());

welcomeView = new WelcomeView(new WelcomeViewController());

add(loginView.getView(), LOGIN_VIEW);

add(welcomeView.getView(), WELCOME_VIEW);

cardLayout.show(this, LOGIN_VIEW);

}

protected class LoginViewController implements ILoginViewController {

@Override

public void loginWasSuccessful(ICredentials credentials) {

welcomeView.getViewController().setCredentials(credentials);

cardLayout.show(MainPane.this, WELCOME_VIEW);

}

@Override

public void loginDidFail() {

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(MainPane.this, "Login vaild", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);

}

@Override

public void loginWasCancelled() {

SwingUtilities.windowForComponent(MainPane.this).dispose();

}

}

protected class WelcomeViewController implements IWelcomeViewController {

private IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener credentialsListener;

private ICredentials credentials;

@Override

public ICredentials getCredentials() {

return credentials;

}

@Override

public void setCredentials(ICredentials credentials) {

this.credentials = credentials;

IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener listener = getCredentialsListener();

if (listener != null) {

listener.credentialsWereUpdated(credentials);

}

}

@Override

public void setCredentialsListener(IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener listener) {

this.credentialsListener = listener;

}

@Override

public IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener getCredentialsListener() {

return credentialsListener;

}

}

}

public interface IViewController {

}

public interface ILoginViewController extends IViewController {

public void loginWasSuccessful(ICredentials credentials);

public void loginDidFail();

public void loginWasCancelled();

}

public interface IWelcomeViewController extends IViewController {

public ICredentials getCredentials();

public void setCredentials(ICredentials credentials);

public void setCredentialsListener(ICredentialsListener listener);

public ICredentialsListener getCredentialsListener();

public interface ICredentialsListener {

public void credentialsWereUpdated(ICredentials credentials);

}

}

public interface ICredentials {

public String getUserName();

}

public interface IView {

public JComponent getView();

public C getViewController();

}

public interface ILoginView extends IView {

}

public interface IWelcomeView extends IView {

}

public abstract class AbstractView extends JPanel implements IView {

private C viewController;

public AbstractView(C viewController) {

this.viewController = viewController;

}

@Override

public JComponent getView() {

return this;

}

@Override

public C getViewController() {

return viewController;

}

}

public class WelcomeView extends AbstractView implements IWelcomeView {

private JLabel userName;

public WelcomeView(IWelcomeViewController viewContoller) {

super(viewContoller);

viewContoller.setCredentialsListener((ICredentials credentials) -> {

userName.setText(credentials.getUserName());

revalidate();

repaint();

});

userName = new JLabel("...");

setLayout(new GridBagLayout());

GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();

gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;

gbc.insets = new Insets(10, 10, 10, 10);

add(new JLabel("WELCOME!"), gbc);

add(userName, gbc);

}

}

public class LoginView extends AbstractView implements ILoginView {

private JTextField userName;

private JPasswordField password;

private JButton login;

private JButton cancel;

public LoginView(ILoginViewController controller) {

super(controller);

setLayout(new GridBagLayout());

userName = new JTextField(10);

password = new JPasswordField(10);

login = new JButton("Login");

cancel = new JButton("Cancel");

login.addActionListener((ActionEvent e) -> {

// Fake the login process...

// This might be handed off to another controller...

String name = userName.getText();

if (name != null && !name.isEmpty()) {

Random rnd = new Random();

if (rnd.nextBoolean()) {

getViewController().loginWasSuccessful(new DefaultCredentials(userName.getText()));

} else {

getViewController().loginDidFail();

}

}

});

cancel.addActionListener((ActionEvent e) -> {

getViewController().loginWasCancelled();

});

GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();

gbc.gridx = 0;

gbc.gridy = 0;

gbc.insets = new Insets(2, 2, 2, 2);

gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;

add(new JLabel("Login"), gbc);

gbc.gridx = 0;

gbc.gridy++;

gbc.gridwidth = 1;

add(new JLabel("Username:"), gbc);

gbc.gridy++;

add(new JLabel("Password:"), gbc);

gbc.gridx++;

gbc.gridy = 1;

add(userName, gbc);

gbc.gridy++;

add(password, gbc);

JPanel controls = new JPanel();

controls.add(login);

controls.add(cancel);

gbc.gridx = 0;

gbc.gridy++;

gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;

add(controls, gbc);

}

public class DefaultCredentials implements ICredentials {

private final String userName;

public DefaultCredentials(String userName) {

this.userName = userName;

}

@Override

public String getUserName() {

return userName;

}

}

}

}