java 双端队列的实现_JS中队列和双端队列实现及应用详解

队列

队列

双端队列数据结构

应用

用击鼓传花游戏模拟循环队列

用双端对列检查一个词是否构成回文

生成 1 到 n 的二进制数

队列和双端队列

队列遵循先进后出(FIFO, 也称为先来先服务) 原则的. 日常有很多这样场景: 排队购票、银行排队等.

由对列的特性,银行排队为例, 队列应该包含如下基本操作:

加入队列(取号) enqueue

从队列中移除(办理业务离开) dequeue

当前排队号码(呼叫下一个人) peek

当前队列长度(当前排队人数) size

判断队列是不是空 isEmpty

class Queue {

constructor() {

// 队列长度, 类数组 length

this.count = 0

// 队列中所有项

this.items = {}

// 记录对列头, 类数组 index

this.lowestCount = 0

}

enqueue(ele) {

this.items[this.count++] = ele

}

dequeue() {

if (this.isEnpty()) {

return undefined

}

const ele = this.items[this.lowestCount]

delete this.items[this.lowestCount]

this.lowestCount++

return ele

}

peek() {

if (this.isEnpty()) {

return

}

return this.items[this.lowestCount]

}

size() {

/**

* 当队列为非空时:

* 1. count 是长度

* 2. lowestCount 是下标

* 两者关系应该 lowestCount = count - 1

*/

return this.count - this.lowestCount

}

isEnpty() {

return this.size() == 0

}

clear() {

this.items = {}

this.lowestCount = 0

this.count = 0

}

toString() {

if (this.isEnpty()) {

return ''

}

let objString = `${this.items[this.lowestCount]}`

for (let i = this.lowestCount + 1; i < this.count; i++) {

objString = `${objString}, ${this.items[i]}`

}

return objString

}

}

双端队列(deque 或 double-ended queue)

什么是双端队列?

允许从前端(front)和后端(rear)添加元素, 遵循的原则先进先出或后进先出.

双端队列可以理解为就是栈(后进先出)和队列(先进先出)的一种结合体. 既然是结合那么相应的操作也支持队列，栈的操作. 下面我们定义一个Deque

addFront

removeFront

addBack

removeBack

clear

isEmpty

peekFront

prekBack

size

toString

class Deque {

constructor() {

this.items = {}

this.count = 0

this.lowestCount = 0

}

addFront(ele) {

if (this.isEmpty()) {

this.items[this.count] = ele

} else if (this.lowestCount > 0) {

this.lowestCount -= 1

this.items[this.lowestCount] = ele

} else {

for (let i = this.count; i > 0; i--) {

this.items[i] = this.items[i - 1]

}

this.items[0] = ele

}

this.count++

return ele

}

removeFront() {

if (this.isEmpty()) {

return

}

const delEle = this.items[this.lowestCount]

delete this.items[this.lowestCount]

this.lowestCount++

return delEle

}

addBack(ele) {

this.items[this.count] = ele

this.count++

}

removeBack() {

if (this.isEmpty()) {

return

}

const delEle = this.items[this.count - 1]

delete this.items[this.count - 1]

this.count--

return delEle

}

peekFront() {

if (this.isEmpty()) {

return

}

return this.items[this.lowestCount]

}

peekBack() {

if (this.isEmpty()) {

return

}

return this.items[this.count - 1]

}

size() {

return this.count - this.lowestCount

}

isEmpty() {

return this.size() === 0

}

clear() {

this.items = {}

this.count = 0

this.lowestCount = 0

}

toString() {

if (this.isEmpty()) {

return ''

}

let objString = `${this.items[this.lowestCount]}`

for (let i = this.lowestCount + 1; i < this.count; i++){

objString = `${objString}, ${this.items[i]}`

}

return objString

}

}

队列的应用

击鼓传花游戏

击鼓传花游戏: 简单描述就是一群人围成一个圈传递花,喊停的时花在谁手上就将被淘汰(每个人都可能在前端,每个参与者在队列位置会不断变化)，最后只剩下一个时就是赢者. 更加详细可以自行查阅.

下面通过代码实现:

function hotPotato(elementsList, num) {

// 创建一个容器

const queue = new Queue()

const elimitatedList = []

// 把元素(参赛者)加入队列中

for (let i = 0, len = elementsList.length; i < len; i++) {

queue.enqueue(elementsList[i])

}

/**

* 击鼓传花

* 首先队列规则: 先进先出

* 那么在传花过程中,任何一个元素都可能是前端, 在传花的过程中应该就是前端位置不断变化.

* 当喊停的时(num 循环完), 也就是花落在谁手(谁在前端)则会被淘汰*(移除队列)

*/

while (queue.size() > 1) {

for (let j = 0; j < num; j++) {

queue.enqueue(queue.dequeue())

}

elimitatedList.push(queue.dequeue())

}

return {

winer: queue.dequeue(),

elimitatedList

}

}

代码运行如下:

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

console.log(hotPotato(arr, Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10))) // { winer: 5, elimitatedList: [4, 8, 2, 7, 3,10, 9, 1, 6]}

console.log(hotPotato(arr, Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10))) // { winer: 5, elimitatedList: [4, 8, 2, 7, 3,10, 9, 1, 6]}

console.log(hotPotato(arr, Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10))) // { winer: 8, elimitatedList: [10, 1, 3, 6, 2,9, 5, 7, 4]}

判断回文

上一篇栈中也有涉及回文的实现, 下面我们通过双端队列来实现同样的功能.

function palindromeChecker(aString) {

if (!aString || typeof aString !== 'string' || !aString.trim().length) {

return false

}

const deque = new Deque()

const lowerString = aString.toLowerCase().split(' ').join('')

// 加入队列

for (let i = 0; i < lowerString.length; i++) {

deque.addBack(lowerString[i])

}

let isEqual = true

let firstChar = ''

let lastChar = ''

while (deque.size() > 1 && isEqual) {

firstChar = deque.removeFront()

lastChar = deque.removeBack()

if (firstChar != lastChar) {

isEqual = false

}

}

return isEqual

}

下面通过代码演示下:

console.log(palindromeChecker('abcba')) // true 当前为回文

生成 1 到 n 的二进制数

function generatePrintBinary(n) {

var q = new Queue()

q.enqueue('1')

while (n-- > 0) {

var s1 = q.peek()

q.dequeue()

console.log(s1)

var s2 = s1

q.enqueue(s1 + '0')

q.enqueue(s2 + '1')

}

}

generatePrintBinary(5) // => 1 10 11 100 101

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