java for(o t :object) 获取顺序号_java中线程的生命周期

线程是java中绕不过去的一个话题， 今天本文将会详细讲解java中线程的生命周期，希望可以给大家一些启发。

java中Thread的状态

java中Thread有6种状态，分别是：

1. NEW – 新创建的Thread，还没有开始执行
2. RUNNABLE – 可运行状态的Thread，包括准备运行和正在运行的。
3. BLOCKED – 正在等待资源锁的线程
4. WAITING – 正在无限期等待其他线程来执行某个特定操作
5. TIMED_WAITING – 在一定的时间内等待其他线程来执行某个特定操作
6. TERMINATED – 线程执行完毕

我们可以用一个图来直观的表示：

JDK代码中的定义如下：

public enum State {        /**         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.         */        NEW,        /**         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system         * such as processor.         */        RUNNABLE,        /**         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock         * to enter a synchronized block/method or         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.         */        BLOCKED,        /**         * Thread state for a waiting thread.         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the         * following methods:         * 

* {@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout * {@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout * {@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park} * * *

A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to * perform a particular action. * * For example, a thread that has called Object.wait() * on an object is waiting for another thread to call * Object.notify() or Object.notifyAll() on * that object. A thread that has called Thread.join() * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate. */ WAITING, /** * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time. * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time: *

* {@link #sleep Thread.sleep} * {@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout * {@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout * {@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos} * {@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil} * */ TIMED_WAITING, /** * Thread state for a terminated thread. * The thread has completed execution. */ TERMINATED; }

NEW

NEW 表示线程创建了，但是还没有开始执行。我们看一个NEW的例子：

public class NewThread implements Runnable{    public static void main(String[] args) {        Runnable runnable = new NewThread();        Thread t = new Thread(runnable);        log.info(t.getState().toString());    }    @Override    public void run() {    }}

上面的代码将会输出：

NEW

Runnable

Runnable表示线程正在可执行状态。包括正在运行和准备运行两种。

为什么这两种都叫做Runnable呢？我们知道在多任务环境中，CPU的个数是有限的，所以任务都是轮循占有CPU来处理的，JVM中的线程调度器会为每个线程分配特定的执行时间，当执行时间结束后，线程调度器将会释放CPU，以供其他的Runnable线程执行。

我们看一个Runnable的例子：

public class RunnableThread implements Runnable {    @Override    public void run() {    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        Runnable runnable = new RunnableThread();        Thread t = new Thread(runnable);        t.start();        log.info(t.getState().toString());    }}

上面的代码将会输出：

RUNNABLE

BLOCKED

BLOCKED表示线程正在等待资源锁，而目前该资源正在被其他线程占有。

我们举个例子：

public class BlockThread implements Runnable {    @Override    public void run() {        loopResource();    }    public static synchronized void loopResource() {        while(true) {            //无限循环        }    }    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {        Thread t1 = new Thread(new BlockThread());        Thread t2 = new Thread(new BlockThread());        t1.start();        t2.start();        Thread.sleep(1000);        log.info(t1.getState().toString());        log.info(t2.getState().toString());        System.exit(0);    }}

上面的例子中，由于t1是无限循环，将会一直占有资源锁，导致t2无法获取资源锁，从而位于BLOCKED状态。

我们会得到如下结果：

12:40:11.710 [main] INFO com.flydean.BlockThread - RUNNABLE12:40:11.713 [main] INFO com.flydean.BlockThread - BLOCKED

WAITING

WAITING 状态表示线程正在等待其他的线程执行特定的操作。有三种方法可以导致线程处于WAITTING状态：

1. object.wait()
2. thread.join()
3. LockSupport.park()

其中1，2方法不需要传入时间参数。

我们看下使用的例子：

public class WaitThread implements  Runnable{    public static Thread t1;    @Override    public void run() {        Thread t2 = new Thread(()->{            try {                Thread.sleep(10000);            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();                log.error("Thread interrupted", e);            }            log.info("t1"+t1.getState().toString());        });        t2.start();        try {            t2.join();        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();            log.error("Thread interrupted", e);        }        log.info("t2"+t2.getState().toString());    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        t1 = new Thread(new WaitThread());        t1.start();    }}

在这个例子中，我们调用的t2.join()，这会使调用它的t1线程处于WAITTING状态。

我们看下输出结果：

12:44:12.958 [Thread-1] INFO com.flydean.WaitThread - t1 WAITING12:44:12.964 [Thread-0] INFO com.flydean.WaitThread - t2 TERMINATED

TIMED_WAITING

TIMED_WAITING状态表示在一个有限的时间内等待其他线程执行特定的某些操作。

java中有5中方式来达到这种状态：

1. thread.sleep(long millis)
2. wait(int timeout) 或者 wait(int timeout, int nanos)
3. thread.join(long millis)
4. LockSupport.parkNanos
5. LockSupport.parkUntil

我们举个例子：

public class TimedWaitThread implements  Runnable{    @Override    public void run() {        try {            Thread.sleep(5000);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();            log.error("Thread interrupted", e);        }    }    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {        TimedWaitThread obj1 = new TimedWaitThread();        Thread t1 = new Thread(obj1);        t1.start();        // The following sleep will give enough time for ThreadScheduler        // to start processing of thread t1        Thread.sleep(1000);        log.info(t1.getState().toString());    }}

上面的例子中我们调用了Thread.sleep(5000)来让线程处于TIMED_WAITING状态。

看下输出：

12:58:02.706 [main] INFO com.flydean.TimedWaitThread - TIMED_WAITING

那么问题来了，TIMED_WAITING和WAITTING有什么区别呢？

TIMED_WAITING如果在给定的时间内没有等到其他线程的特定操作，则会被唤醒，从而进入争夺资源锁的队列，如果能够获取到锁，则会变成Runnable状态，如果获取不到锁，则会变成BLOCKED状态。

TERMINATED

TERMINATED表示线程已经执行完毕。我们看下例子：

public class TerminatedThread implements Runnable{    @Override    public void run() {    }    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {        Thread t1 = new Thread(new TerminatedThread());        t1.start();        // The following sleep method will give enough time for        // thread t1 to complete        Thread.sleep(1000);        log.info(t1.getState().toString());    }}

输出结果：

13:02:38.868 [main] INFO com.flydean.TerminatedThread - TERMINATED

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