python函数数量,Python:函数与列表、任意数量的实参

1.传递列表

可以将列表当做参数传给函数，使用函数来处理数据更高效。

def greet_users(names):

for name in names:

msg="hello, "+name.title()

print(msg)

usernames=['hannah','ty','margot']

greet_users(usernames)

2.在函数中修改列表

将列表传给函数后吗，函数就可以修改列表，且这种修改是永久性的。

#创建一个列表，包含要打印的设计

unprinted_designs=['iphone case','robotpendant','dodecahedron']

#创建一个空列表，显示已完成打印的设计

completed_models=[]

while unprinted_designs:

current_design=unprinted_designs.pop()

print("Printing model is: "+current_design)

completed_models.append(current_design)

print("the following models have been printed:")

for completed_model in completed_models:

print(completed_model)

'''修改成2个函数'''

def print_models(unprinted_designs,completed_models):

while unprinted_designs:

current_design=unprinted_designs.pop()

print("Printing model is: "+current_design)

completed_models.append(current_design)

def show_models(completed_models):

for completed_model in completed_models:

print(completed_model)

unprinted_designs=['iphone case','robotpendant','dodecahedron']

completed_models=[]

print_models(unprinted_designs,completed_models)

show_models(completed_models)

3.禁止函数修改列表

在调用函数时，将列表的副本传递给函数，这样函数对列表所做的修改只是影响副本而不会影响到原来的列表。

但如果不是非必要，还是传递列表而非列表的副本，因为创建列表副本需要时间成本，尤其是列表含有大量数据时。

调用函数时，传递列表的副本：function_name(list_name[:])

切片表示法[:]创建列表的副本。

def show_magicians(magicians):

for magician in magicians:

print(magician)

def make_magicians(magicians):

for magician in magicians:

magician='the Great '+magician

magicians_edited.append(magician)

magicians=['mike','allen','tomy','amo']

magicians_edited=[]

#在调用函数时，传递列表副本给函数

make_magicians(magicians[:])

show_magicians(magicians)

show_magicians(magicians_edited)

4.传递任意数量的实参

有时预先不知道函数需要接受多少个实参，结合*传递任意数量实参。

一个号表示创建一个空元组：def function_name(list_name)

#*topping中的*号让python 创建一个名为toppings的空元组，并将收到的所有值都封装到这个元组中。

ef make_pizza(*toppings):

print(toppings)

make_pizza('pepperoni')

make_pizza('mushrooms','pepperoni')

def make_pizza(*toppings):

print("Making a pizza with the following toppings: ")

for topping in toppings:

print(toppings)

make_pizza('pepperoni')

make_pizza('mushrooms','pepperoni')

两个号创建一个空字典：def function_name(dictionary)

def build_profile(first,last,**user_info):

profile={}

profile['first_name']=first

profile['last_name']=last

for key,value in user_info.items():

profile[key]=value

return profile

user_profile=build_profile('albert','einstein',location='princeton',field='physics')

print(user_profile)