python中findall是什么意思_在Python中使用findall和括号

我需要在符号之后或字符串的开头提取所有字母,如下所示：

formula = "X+BC+DAF"

我试过了,我不想看到结果中的标志.我希望只看到[‘X’,’B’,’D’].

>>> re.findall("^[A-Z]|[+][A-Z]", formula)

['X', '+B', '+D']

当我用括号分组时,我得到了这个奇怪的结果：

re.findall("^([A-Z])|[+]([A-Z])", formula)

[('X', ''), ('', 'B'), ('', 'D')]

当我尝试分组时为什么会创建元组？如何直接编写正则表达式,使其返回[‘X’,’B’,’D’]？

解决方法:

如果正则表达式中有任何捕获组,则re.findall仅返回组捕获的值.如果没有组,则返回整个匹配的字符串.

re.findall(pattern, string, flags=0)

Return all non-overlapping matches of pattern in string, as a list of strings. The string is scanned left-to-right, and matches are returned in the order found. If one or more groups are present in the pattern, return a list of groups; this will be a list of tuples if the pattern has more than one group. Empty matches are included in the result unless they touch the beginning of another match.

How to write the regexp directly such that it returns [‘X’, ‘B’, ‘D’] ?

您可以使用非捕获组来代替使用捕获组：

>>> re.findall(r"(?:^|\+)([A-Z])", formula)

['X', 'B', 'D']

或者对于这种特定情况,您可以尝试使用单词边界的更简单的解决方案：

>>> re.findall(r"\b[A-Z]", formula)

['X', 'B', 'D']

或者使用不使用正则表达式的str.split的解决方案：

>>> [s[0] for s in formula.split('+')]

['X', 'B', 'D']

标签：python,regex

来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20190517/1123639.html