mysql异常处理机制_MYSQL异常和错误机制

Cursors 游标

游标实现功能摘要：

DECLARE cursor-name CURSOR FOR SELECT ...;

OPEN cursor-name;

FETCH cursor-name INTO variable [, variable];

CLOSE cursor-name;

现在我们开始着眼游标了。虽然我们的存储过程中的游标语法还并没有完整的实现，但是已经可以完成基本的事务如声明游标，打开游标，从游标里读取，关闭游标。

1. Cursor Example

CREATE PROCEDURE p25 (OUT return_val INT)

BEGIN

DECLARE a,b INT;

DECLARE cur_1 CURSOR FOR SELECT s1 FROM t;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND

SET b = 1;

OPEN cur_1;

REPEAT

FETCH cur_1 INTO a;

UNTIL b = 1

END REPEAT;

CLOSE cur_1;

SET return_val = a;

END;//

我们看一下包含游标的存储过程的新例子。

2. Cursor Example

CREATE PROCEDURE p25 (OUT return_val INT)

BEGIN

DECLARE a,b INT;

DECLARE cur_1 CURSOR FOR SELECT s1 FROM t;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND

SET b = 1;

OPEN cur_1;

REPEAT

FETCH cur_1 INTO a;

UNTIL b = 1

END REPEAT;

CLOSE cur_1;

SET return_val = a;

END;//

这个过程开始声明了三个变量。附带说一下，顺序是十分重要的。首先要进行变量声明，然后声明条件，随后声明游标，再后面才是声明错误处理器。如果你没有按顺序声明，系统会提示错误信息。

3. Cursor Example

CREATE PROCEDURE p25 (OUT return_val INT)

BEGIN

DECLARE a,b INT;

DECLARE cur_1 CURSOR FOR SELECT s1 FROM t;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND

SET b = 1;

OPEN cur_1;

REPEAT

FETCH cur_1 INTO a;

UNTIL b = 1

END REPEAT;

CLOSE cur_1;

SET return_val = a;

END;//

程序第二步声明了游标cur_1，如果你使用过嵌入式SQL的话，就知道这和嵌入式SQL差不多。

4. Cursor Example

CREATE PROCEDURE p25 (OUT return_val INT)

BEGIN

DECLARE a,b INT;

DECLARE cur_1 CURSOR FOR SELECT s1 FROM t;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND

SET b = 1;

OPEN cur_1;

REPEAT

FETCH cur_1 INTO a;

UNTIL b = 1

END REPEAT;

CLOSE cur_1;

SET return_val = a;

END;//

最后进行的是错误处理器的声明。这个CONTINUE处理没有引用SQL错误代码和SQLSTATE值。它使用的是NOT FOUND系统返回值，这和SQLSTATE 02000是一样的。

5. Cursor Example

CREATE PROCEDURE p25 (OUT return_val INT)

BEGIN

DECLARE a,b INT;

DECLARE cur_1 CURSOR FOR SELECT s1 FROM t;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND

SET b = 1;

OPEN cur_1;

REPEAT

FETCH cur_1 INTO a;

UNTIL b = 1

END REPEAT;

CLOSE cur_1;

SET return_val = a;

END;//

过程第一个可执行的语句是OPEN cur_1，它与SELECT s1 FROM t语句是关联的，过程将执行SELECT s1 FROM t，返回一个结果集。

6. Cursor Example

CREATE PROCEDURE p25 (OUT return_val INT)

BEGIN

DECLARE a,b INT;

DECLARE cur_1 CURSOR FOR SELECT s1 FROM t;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND

SET b = 1;

OPEN cur_1;

REPEAT

FETCH cur_1 INTO a;

UNTIL b = 1

END REPEAT;

CLOSE cur_1;

SET return_val = a;

END;//

这里第一个FETCH语句会获得一行从SELECT产生的结果集中检索出来的值，然而表t中有多行，因此这个语句会被执行多次，当然这是因为语句在循环块内。

7. Cursor Example

CREATE PROCEDURE p25 (OUT return_val INT)

BEGIN

DECLARE a,b INT;

DECLARE cur_1 CURSOR FOR SELECT s1 FROM t;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND

SET b = 1;

OPEN cur_1;

REPEAT

FETCH cur_1 INTO a;

UNTIL b = 1

END REPEAT;

CLOSE cur_1;

SET return_val = a;

END;//

8. Cursor Example

CREATE PROCEDURE p25 (OUT return_val INT)

BEGIN

DECLARE a,b INT;

DECLARE cur_1 CURSOR FOR SELECT s1 FROM t;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND

SET b = 1;

OPEN cur_1;

REPEAT

FETCH cur_1 INTO a;

UNTIL b = 1

END REPEAT;

CLOSE cur_1;

SET return_val = a;

END;//

到了这一步UNTIL b=1条件就为真，循环结束。在这里我们可以自己编写代码关闭游标，也可以由系统执行，系统会在复合语句结束时自动关闭游标，但是最好不要太依赖系统的自动关闭行为(译注：这可能跟Java的Gc一样，不可信)。