java自由布局_java怎么在界面上随意摆放位置？

importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;publicclassGUIextendsJFrameimplementsActionListener{privateJPanela;privateJLabelming;//姓名privateJLabelx;//学...

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

public class GUI extends JFrame implements ActionListener{

private JPanel a;

private JLabel ming;//姓名

private JLabel x;//学籍

private JLabel bei;//备注

private JLabel ai;//爱好

private JLabel xing;//性别

private JTextField wen;//姓名///

private JComboBox xia;//学籍

private JTextArea yu;//文本域//

private JCheckBox fangx,fangx1,fangx2,fangx3,fangx4,fangx5,fangx6,fangx7,fangx8;//爱好//

private JRadioButton fangxing,fangxing1;//性别//

private JButton cha;//查看//

private JButton bao;//保存

private JButton chong;//重置///

GUI(){

this.setBounds(100,100,420,320);

a=new JPanel();

ming=new JLabel("姓名:");

a.add(ming);

x=new JLabel("学位:");

a.add(x);

bei=new JLabel("备注:");

a.add(bei);

ai=new JLabel("爱好:");

a.add(ai);

xing=new JLabel("性别:");

a.add(ai);

//学籍

xia=new JComboBox();

xia.addItem("小学");

xia.addItem("初中");

xia.addItem("高中");

xia.addItem("大学");

xia.addItem("中专");

xia.addItem("大专");

a.add(xia);

a.add(xia);

a.add(xia);

a.add(xia);

a.add(xia);

a.add(xia);

///文本域

yu=new JTextArea();

yu.setLineWrap(true);

JScrollPane jp = new JScrollPane();

jp.setViewportView(yu);

a.add(yu);

a.add(jp);

//爱好

fangx=new JCheckBox("语文");

a.add(fangx);

fangx1=new JCheckBox("数学");

a.add(fangx1);

fangx2=new JCheckBox("英语");

a.add(fangx2);

fangx3=new JCheckBox("科学");

a.add(fangx3);

fangx4=new JCheckBox("历史");

a.add(fangx4);

fangx5=new JCheckBox("体育");

a.add(fangx5);

fangx6=new JCheckBox("音乐");

a.add(fangx6);

fangx7=new JCheckBox("思想品德");

a.add(fangx7);

fangx8=new JCheckBox("美术");

a.add(fangx8);

//性别

fangxing=new JRadioButton("男");

a.add(fangxing);

fangxing1=new JRadioButton("女");

a.add(fangxing1);

//按钮

cha=new JButton("查看");

a.add(cha);

bao=new JButton("保存");

a.add(bao);

chong=new JButton("重置");

a.add(chong);

cha.addActionListener(this);

bao.addActionListener(this);

chong.addActionListener(this);

a.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

this.add(a);

this.setVisible(true);

}

public static void main(String[]args){

new GUI();

}

}

理想情况

看到理想中的界面我很欣慰，但是现实情况吧，让我很惆怅

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