应用MATLAB的绘图,应用MATLAB图形函数和绘图实例

应用MATLAB图形函数和绘图实例

应用MATLAB图形函数和绘图实例 例1. 输入MATLAB程序如下： x = 0 : 0.2 : 12; y1 = Bessel ( 1, x ); y2 = Bessel ( 2, x ); y3 = Bessel ( 3, x ); figure ( 1 ) subplot ( 2, 2, 1 ) h = plot ( x, y1, x, y2, x, y3 ); set ( h, ‘LineWidth’, 2, {‘ LineStyle’}, {‘--’ ; ‘ : ’, ‘ -. ’}) set ( h, {‘ Color’ }, { ‘ R’; ‘ G ’; ‘ B ’}) axis ( [ 0 12 –0.5 1] ) grid on xlabel ( ‘ Time ’ ) ylabel ( ‘ Amplitude ’ ) legend ( h, ‘ First’, ‘ Second ’, ‘ Third ’ ) title ( ‘ Bessel Functions’) [ y, ix ] = min ( y1 ); text ( x ( ix ), y, ‘First Min \ rightarrow’, … ‘ HorizontalAlignment’, ‘right’) Print – depsc -tiff –r200 myplot 改变一个轴的3D视角 按这些钮开始增加字符箭头和线 按此按钮开始图形编辑模式 应用图形编辑模式 如图所示。 同学们自己练习各项功能。 例2. 输入MATLAB程序如下： t = 0 : pi/100 : 2*pi; y = sin ( t ); plot ( t, y ) grid on 继续输入程序如下： y2 = sin ( t – 0.25 ); y3 = sin ( t – 0.5 ); plot ( t, y, t, y2, t, y3 ) 可以对线的类型进行定义： t = 0 : pi/100 : 2*pi; y = sin ( t ); y2 = sin ( t – 0.25 ); y3 = sin ( t – 0.5 ); plot ( t, y, ‘ - ’, t, y2, ‘ -- ’, t, y3, ‘ : ’ ) 练习，对红的颜色进行编辑。 例3. 只绘数据点。输入MATLAB程序如下： x = 0 : pi / 15 : 4*pi; y = exp ( 2*cos ( x ) ); plot ( x, y, ‘ r+ ’ ) 进一步对图形进行设置： x = 0 : pi / 15 : 4*pi; y = exp ( 2*cos ( x ) ); plot ( x, y, ‘ -r ’, x, y, ‘ ok ’ ) 继续对线类型进行设置： x = 0 : pi / 15 : 4*pi; y1 = exp ( 2*cos ( x ) ); y2 = exp ( 2*sin ( x ) ); plot ( x, y1, ‘ -*k ’, x, y2, ‘ -.ok ’ ) 练习：把这两条曲线高成不同颜色。 例4. 矩阵的线绘。 z = peaks; %矩阵为49´49 plot ( z ) 变换方向来绘图： y = 1 : length ( peaks ); plot ( peaks, y ) 例5. 用双Y轴绘曲线。 t = 0 : pi/20 : 2*pi; y = exp ( sin ( t ) ); plotyy ( t, y, t, y , ‘plot’, ‘stem’ ) 把线性轴和对数轴合并绘图。 t = 0 : 900; A = 1000; a = 0.005; b = 0.005; z1 = A * exp ( -a * t ); z2 = sin ( b * t ); [ haxes, hline1, hline2 ] = plotyy ( t, z1, t, z2, ‘semilogy’, ‘plot’ ); axes ( haxes ( 1 ) ) ylabel ( ‘Semilog Plot’ ) axes ( haxes ( 2 ) ) ylabel ( ‘Linear Plot’ ) set (hline2, ‘LineStyle’, ‘ -- ’ ) 例6. 轴的限制和标记。 命令为： axis ( [ xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax ])。专用标记和标记标号： x = -pi : .1 : pi; y = sin ( x ); plot ( x, y ) set ( gca, ‘XTick’, -pi : pi/2 : pi ) set ( gca, ‘XTickLabel’, { ‘-pi’, ‘-pi/2’, ‘0’, ‘pi/2’, ‘pi’ } ) xlabel ( ‘- \ pi \leg \Theta \leg \pi’ ) ylabel ( ‘sin ( \Theta )’ ) title ( ‘plot of sin ( \Theta )’) text ( -pi/4, sin ( -pi/4 ), ‘\ leftarrow sin (-\pi\div4 )’, … ‘HorizontalAlignment’, ‘left’) set ( findobj ( gca, ‘Type’, ‘line’, ‘Color’, [ 0 0 1 ], … ‘Color’, [ 0.5 0 0.5 ], ‘Linewidth’, 2 ) 例7. 绘椭圆。 t = 0 : pi/20 : 2*pi; plot ( sin ( t ), 2*cos ( t ) ) grid on 当再加入命令axis square 后，绘出图形为 如果所加入命令axis equal 后，绘出图形为 如果所加入命令 axis equal tight 后，绘出图形为 例8. 显示多个图形。 t = 0 : pi/20 : 2*pi; [ x, y ] = meshgrid ( t ); subplot ( 2, 2, 1 ) plot ( sin ( t ), cos ( t ) ) axis equal subplot ( 2, 2, 2 ) z = sin ( x ) + cos ( y ); plot ( t, z ) axis ( [ 0 2*pi -2 2 ] ) subplot ( 2, 2, 3 ) z = sin ( x ).*cos ( y ); plot ( t, z ) axis ( [ 0 2*pi -1 1 ] ) subplot ( 2, 2, 4 ) z = ( sin ( x ).^2 ) – ( cos ( y ).^2); plot ( t, z ) axis ( [ 0 2*pi -1 1 ] ) 例9. 计算标注文字的位置。 t = 0 : 900; hold on; plot ( t, 0.25 * exp ( -0.005 * t ) ); text ( 300, .25 * exp ( -0.005 * 300 ), ‘\bullet \leftarrow \fontname {times} 0.25 { \ite }^ {-0.005 {\itt} } at t = 300’ , ‘FontSize’ , 14 ) hold off ; 例10．更详细标注信息。 x = linspace ( 0, 2 * pi, 60 ) ; a = sin ( x ) ; b = cos ( x ); hold on stem_handles = stem ( x, a + b ); plot_handles = plot ( x, a, ‘—r’, x, b, ‘--g’); xlabel (‘Time in \ musecs’ ) ylabel (‘Magnitude’ ) title (‘Linear Combination of Two Functions ’) legend_handles = [ stem_handles ; plot_handles ]; legend ( legend_handles, ‘a + b’, ‘a = sin ( x )’, ‘b = cos ( x ) ’) 例11. 更为复杂的标注说明，包括不同统计量。 x = 0:.2:12; plot(x,bessel(1,x),x,bessel(2,x),x,bessel(3,x)); legend( First , Second , Third ); legend( First , Second , Third ,-1) b = bar(rand(10,5), stacked ); colormap(summer); hold on x = plot(1:10,5*rand(10,1), marker , square , markersize ,12,. markeredgecolor , y , markerfacecolor ,[.6 0 .6],. linestyle , - , color , r , linewidth ,2); hold off legend([b,x], Carrots , Peas , Peppers , Green Beans ,. Cucumbers , Eggplant ) x = 0:.2:12; plot(x,bessel(1,x),x,bessel(2,x),x,bessel(3,x)); legend( First , Second , Third ); legend( First , Second , Third ,-1) b = bar(rand(10,5), stacked ); colormap(summer); hold on x = plot(1:10,5*rand(10,1), marker , square , markersize ,12,. markeredgecolor , y , markerfacecolor ,[.6 0 .6],. linestyle , - , color , r , linewidth ,2); hold off legend([b,x], Carrots , Peas , Peppers , Green Beans ,. Cucumbers , Eggplant ) 离散数据图形 例1. 二维的茎图。用函数。 1) 连续图形 alpha = .02; beta = .5; t = 0 : 4 : 200 y = exp ( -alpha*t ).*sin ( beta*t ) ; plot ( t, y ) 2) 二维的茎图函数为stem ( t, y ), 个体具体如下： alpha = .02; beta = .5; t = 0 : 4 : 200 ; y = exp ( -alpha*t ).*sin ( beta*t ) ; stem ( t, y ) xlabel ( ‘ Time in \ musecs ’) ylabel ( ‘ Magnitude ’ ) 把茎图和线图同时画在一个图上。请参考上一节中的例10. 例2. 画一个3D FFT 的茎图。 th = ( 0 : 127 ) / 128*2*pi ; x = cos ( th ); y = sin ( th ); f = abs ( fft ( ones ( 10, 1 ), 128 ) ); stem3 ( x, y, f , ‘d’, ‘fill’) view ( [ -65 30 ] ) xlabel ( ‘ Real ’) ylabel ( ‘ Imaginary ’ ) zlabel ( ‘ Amplitude ’) title ( ‘ Magnitude Frequency Response ’ ) 例3. 把茎图和线图同时画在一个图上。 t = 0 : .1 : 10; s = 0.1 + i; y = exp ( -s*t ) ; stem3 ( real ( y ), imag ( y ), t, ‘r’ ) hold on plot3 (real ( y ), imag ( y ), t, ‘r’) hold off view ( -39.5, 62 ) xlabel ( ‘ Real ’) ylabel ( ‘ Imaginary ’ ) zlabel ( ‘ Amplitude ’) 例4. 函数的阶梯绘图。 alpha = 0.01; beta = 0.5; t = 0 : 10; f = exp ( - alpha*t ).* sin ( beta * t ) ; stairs ( t, f ) hold on plot ( t, f, ‘--*’) hold off label = ‘Stairstep plot of e^{-(\alpha*t)} sin\beta*t’; text ( 0.5, -0.2, label , ‘FontSize’, 14 ) xlabel ( ‘t = 0 : 10’, ‘FontSize’, 14 ) axis ( [0 10 –1.2 1.2]) 例5. 方向和速度矢量图。函数有compass, feather, quiver, quiver3。 wdir = [ 45 90 90 45 360 335 360 270 335 270 335 335] ; knots = [ 6 6 8 6 3 9 6 8 9 10 14 12 ] ; rdir = wdir * pi / 180 ; [ x, y ] = pol2cart ( rdir , knots) ; compass ( x, y ) desc = { ‘Wind Direction and Strength at ’, ‘ Logan Airport for ’, ‘ Nov . 3 at 1800 through ’, ‘Nov. 4 at 0600 ’}; text ( -28, 15, desc ) 例6. 应用Feather 函数绘画。 theta = 90 : -10 : 0; r = ones ( size ( theta ) ); [ u , v ] = pol2cart ( theta * pi / 180 , r * 10 ); feather ( u , v ) axis equal 例7. 绘复数函数。 t = 0:0.5: 10; s = 0.05 + i ; z = exp ( - s * t ); feather ( z ) 例8. 二维的Quiver 函数绘画。 n = -2.0 : .2 : 2.0 ; [ X , Y , Z ] = peaks ( n ); contour ( X , Y , Z , 10 ) [ U , V ] = gradient ( Z , .2 ) ; hold on quiver ( X , Y , U , V ) hold off 例9. 三维的Quiver 函数绘。 vz = 10 ; a = -32 ; t = a : .1 : 1 ; z = vz * t + 1/2 * a * t .^ 2 ; vx = 2 ; x = vx * t ; vy = 3 ; y = vy * t ; u = gradient ( x ) ; v = gradient ( y ) ; w = gradient ( z ) ; scale = 0 ; quiver3 ( x , y , z , u , v , w , scale ) axis square 例10. 创建一个简单的Contour函数绘图。 [ X , Y , Z ] = peaks ; contour ( X , Y , Z , 20 ) 继续画3D图 [ X , Y , Z ] = peaks ; contour3 ( X , Y , Z , 20 ) h = findobj ( ‘ Type ’ , ‘ patch ’ ); grid off set ( h , ‘ LineWidth ’ , 2 ) title ( ‘ Twenty Contours of the peaks Function ’ ) 例11. 在Contour绘制的图上标记数值。 z = peaks ; [ C , h ] = contour ( z , 10 ) ; clabel ( C , h ) title ( { ‘Contour Labeled Using’ , ‘ clabel ( C , h ) ’ } ) 例12. 填充的Contour绘的图 z = peaks ; [ C , h ] = contourf ( z , 10 ) ; caxis ( [ -20 20 ] ) title ( { ‘Filled Contour Plot Using’ , ‘ Contourf ( z , 10 ) ’ } ) 例13. 以极坐标形式显示Contour函数绘图。 [ th , r ] = meshgrid ( ( 0 : 5 :360 ) * pi /180 , 0 : .05 :1 ); [ X , Y ] = pol2cart ( th , r ) ; Z = X + i * Y; f = ( Z .^ 4 – 1 ) .^ ( 1 / 4 ); surf ( X , Y , abs ( f ) ) hold on surf ( X , Y , zeros ( size ( X ) ) ) hold off xlabel ( ‘ Real ’ ) ylabel ( ‘ Imaginary ’ ) zlabel ( ‘ Abs ( f )’) 例14. 在迪卡尔坐标系中的Contour图。 [ th , r ] = meshgrid ( ( 0 : 5 :360 ) * pi /180 , 0 : .05 :1 ); [ X , Y ] = pol2cart ( th , r ) ; Z = X + i * Y; f = ( Z .^ 4 – 1 ) .^ ( 1 / 4 ); contour ( X , Y , abs ( f ) , 30 ) axis ( [ -1 1 –1 1 ] ) xlabel ( ‘ Real ’ , ‘FontSize’ , 14 ) ylabel ( ‘ Imaginary ’ , ‘FontSize’ , 14 ) 例15. 在极轴坐标系中的Contour图。 [ th , r ] = meshgrid ( ( 0 : 5 :360 ) * pi /180 , 0 : .05 :1 ); [ X , Y ] = pol2cart ( th , r ) ; h = polar ( [ 0 2*pi ] , [ 0 1 ] ) delete ( h ) Z = X + i * Y; f = ( Z .^ 4 – 1 ) .^ ( 1 / 4 ); hold on contour ( X , Y , abs ( f ) , 30 ) 交互式绘图 例1. 从屏幕上选择绘图的点。 axis ( [ 0 10 0 10 ] ) hold on xy = [ ] ; n = 0 ; disp ( ‘ Left mouse button picks points . ’ ) disp ( ‘ Right mouse button picks last points . ’ ) but = 1 ; while but == 1 [ xi , yi , but ] = g ( 1 ) ; plot ( xi , yi , ‘ ro ’) n= n + 1 ; xy ( : , n ) = [ xi ; yi ] ; end t = 1 : n ; ts = 1 : 0.1 :n ; xys = spline ( t , xy , ts ) ; plot ( xys ( 1 , : ) , xys ( 2 , : ) , ‘b-’) hold off 例2. 创建和运行一个Movie，图象为最后结果。 for k = 1 : 16 plot ( fft ( eye ( k + 16 ) ) ) axis equal M ( k ) = getframe ; end movie ( M , 30 ) 例3. 擦除模式动画。， 其中。 A = [ -8/3 0 0 ; 0 –10 10 ; 0 28 –1 ]; y = [ 35 –10 –7 ; 0 0 0 ; 0 0 0 ] ; h = 0.01 ; p = plot3 ( y ( 1 ) , y ( 2 ) , y ( 3 ) , ‘square’ , ., ‘EraseMode’, ‘background’, ‘MarkerSize’, 10 , …, ‘MarkerEdgeColor’, [ 1 .7 .7] , ‘MarkerFaceColor’ , [ 1 .7 .7 ] ) ; axis ( [ 0 50 –25 25 –25 25 ] ) hold on for i = 1 : 4000 A ( 1 , 3 ) = y ( 2 ) ; A (3 , 1 ) = - y ( 2 ) ; ydot = A * y ; y = y + h * ydot ; set ( p , ‘XData’ , y ( 1 ) , ‘YData’ , ‘y ( 2 )’ , ‘ZData’ , y ( 3 ) ) ; drawnow i = i + 1 ; end hold off 数据分析和统计 例4. 绘出测量的三个变量的数据分析和统计图。用load count.dat装入数据文件。 count = 11 11 9; 7 13 11; 14 17 20 11 13 9; 43 51 69; 38 46 76 61 132 186; 75 135 180; 38 88 115 28 36 55; 12 12 14; 18 27 30 18 19 29; 17 15 18; 19 36 48 32 47 10; 42 65 92; 57 66 151 44 55 90; 114 145 257; 35 58 68 11 12 15; 13 9 15; 10 9 7 [n,p] = size(count); t = 1:n; set(0, ‘defaultaxeslinestyleorder’,’-|--|-.’) set(0, ‘defaultaxescolororder’, [ 0 , 0 , 0 ] ) plot( t, count), legend(‘Location 1’, ‘Location 2’, ‘Location 3’, 0) xlabel(‘Time’), ylabel(‘Vehicle Count’), grid on 例5. 例6.