计算机电池的性能参数,基于51单片机的蓄电池性能测试仪的设计.doc

摘 要

提出一种基于单片机的蓄电池性能测试仪的设计方案。蓄电池的内阻和容量是衡量电池性能中的重要指标，对电池的性能和使用时间有着很重要的影响。以单片机为核心，结合控制单元为主要结构，用来测试蓄电池的容量、内阻和其它指标。在此，充放电部分使用数据归纳和高精确采集片，实现极精度检测，符合国家标准对蓄电池性能的测试要求。试验结果表明：所设计的蓄电池测试仪具有操作简单、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、测试结果准确等优点。该仪器可与其它设备结合使用，具有良好的市场前景和应用价值。

关键词：蓄电池；容量测试仪；内阻测试仪

Abstract

This paper puts forward a design schen a aboutbattety capacity petfoanance tester based on single mirocomputer. One of the focusing issues concerning the lead-acid batteries is to estimate their state of charge and furthermore, to support the users on the optimized decisions, for the residual capacity of the lead-acid batteries, an essential of the batteries' performance limits the energy outputs of the batteries. It is used best capacity. the life and the distribution group index, with single microcomputer as the core and various modules used as the main structer. Among them,the charing and the discharing module using linear scheme and high precision data acquistion chip can realize high precision measurement and it is accord with national standard for battery performance and life which are used for electpic automobiles. It ie proved by comparison that the new device can be easily operated and has strong jam resistant ability,high realiablity and high accuracy. This instrument can be contolled by single itself or implement control through network by the production line, and it has good application value and the market prospect.

Keywords: battery; capacity test; internal resistance measuring instrument

目 录

1 绪论1

1.1 课题的来源和意义1

1.2 研究背景2

2 单片机及蓄电池概述3

2.1 单片机简介3

2.1.1 单片机型号的选择4

2.1.2 单片机编程方式的选择5

2.2 铅酸蓄电池原理及特征5

2.2.1 蓄电池的基础知识5

2.2.2 电池应用的基本要求7

2.2.3 影响电池寿命的关键因素7

2.3 蓄电池的主要特性参数8

2.4 铅酸蓄电池的放电特性9

3 蓄电池的测试方法12

3.1 蓄电池的内阻特性及测量方法12

3.1.1 测量蓄电池的内阻方法12

3.1.2 蓄电池测试内阻的硬件设计14

3.2 对蓄电池的容量测试16

3.2.1 系统的硬件组成17

3.2.2 系统的单片机软件部分17

4 结论18

参考文献20

致 谢21

1 绪论

1.1 课题的来源和意义

作为储备电力能源的蓄电池，已经普遍的应用在计算机、信息化、电力、电动等地方。如果蓄电池效果不好或容量不足，就可能造成重大损失浪费。同时，随着电力领域的进步，作为电动能源主要部分的蓄