n3k配置vpc是否还需要配置hsrp_配置基本HSRP

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-22 10:00:08 发布

Alex Cui

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-22 10:00:08 发布

阅读量239

点赞数

文章标签： n3k配置vpc是否还需要配置hsrp

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_29442195/article/details/112930605

版权

本文详细介绍了HSRP（热备份路由器协议）的配置，包括基本配置、强占特性、接口问题追踪、负载均衡、ICMP重定向、定时器调整、安全性增强、状态显示、排错和版本2的启用。内容涵盖从主用路由器故障后的IP接管，到负载分担和安全性的提升，为网络管理员提供了全面的HSRP操作指南。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

配置基本HSRP

当主用路由器当掉以后备份路由器可以接管主用路由器的IP地址和MAC地址

回答

Router1：

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1

Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3 255.255.255.0

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

Router2：

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0

Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.2 255.255.255.0

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110

Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#end

Router2#

注释由于HSRP虚拟出来的MAC地址跟组相关，所以可能会出现同一交换机收到多个相同的MAC地址的情况，这时候就需要用standby 1 mac-address 0000.0c07.ad01 命令来人工指定一个MAC地址

使用HSRP 强占特性

提问强制某个路由器启动后一直在组中处于主用状态

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#end

Router2#

注释正常情况下当LAN端口up后就会发生强占，而此时可能网络还没有收敛，所以建议配置强占延迟时间，让路由器启动后过一段时间再发起强占standby 1 preempt delay 60

22.3. 配置HSRP对接口问题追踪的支持

提问当主用路由器的上联端口出现问题后主动切换到备用路由器

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 track Serial0/0 20

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

从12.2(15)T后引入更多可追踪实例

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#track 11 interface Serial1/1 ip routing

Router1(config-track)#exit

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 track 11 decrement 50

Router1(config-if)#end

Router1#

注释 Router1#show track

Track 11

Interface Serial1/1 ip routing

IP routing is Down (hw admin-down, ip disabled)

1 change, last change 00:

Tracked by:

HSRP FastEthernet0/0 1

22.4. HSRP负载均衡

提问在两台或者多台HSRP路由器上实现流量的负载均衡

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1

Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3 255.255.255.0

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router1(config-if)#standby 2 ip 172.22.1.2

Router1(config-if)#standby 2 priority 110

Router1(config-if)#standby 2 preempt

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet1/0

Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.4 255.255.255.0

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router2(config-if)#standby 2 ip 172.22.1.2

Router2(config-if)#standby 2 priority 120

Router2(config-if)#standby 2 preempt

Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#end

Router2#

注释由于出现两个网关，所以需要在终端设备上分开配置各自的缺省网关。

22.5. HSRP中ICMP重定向

提问在HSRP中启用ICMP重定向

回答

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0

Router2(config-if)#no ip redirects

Router2(config-if)#standby redirects disable

Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#end

Router2#

注释

22.6. 调整HSRP定时器

提问调整备份路由器接管主用路由器所需时长

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 timers 1 3

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

注释缺省Hello包时长为3秒，10秒后会接管，如果主用路由器调整时长，整个组内的路由器都要调整为相同的时长。最短可以到达毫秒Router1(config-if)#standby 1 timers msec 100 msec 300

22.7. 在令牌环网络中使用HSRP

提问在令牌环网络中配置HSRP

回答

如果只用IP协议配置同前面例子，如果还有其他协议，特别是使用了source-route bridging就用下面的配置方法

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface Tokenring0

Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3

Router1(config-if)#standby ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby use-bia

Router1(config-if)#standby priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby preempt

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface Tokenring0

Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.2

Router2(config-if)#standby ip 172.22.1.1

Router2(config-if)#standby use-bia

Router2(config-if)#standby priority 110

Router2(config-if)#standby preempt

Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#end

Router2#

注释由于令牌环网络会用到设备的MAC地址信息，所以如果HSRP用到虚拟MAC就会出问题，因此在配置中使用了burned-in address (BIA)来代替MAC来避免出现问题

配置HSRP 的SNMP支持

提问启用HSRP的SNMP Traps

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#snmp-server enable traps hsrp

Router1(config)#snmp-server host 172.25.1.1 ORATRAP

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

注释无

22.9. 增加HSRP的安全性

提问提高HSRP的安全

回答

组内设备使用相同的配置

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 authentication NEOSHI

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

从12.3(2)T后支持MD5加密密码

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 10.1.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 200

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 authentication md5 key-string OREILLY

Router1(config-if)#end

Router1#

为了防止其他路由器成为主用路由器，设置本路由器高优先级

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 255

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

注释无

22.10. 显示HSRP状态信息

提问显示HSRP状态信息

回答

Router2#show standby

Router2#show standby FastEthernet 1/0

Router2#show standby brief

注释

22.11. HSRP排错

提问对HSRP进行排错

回答

Router2#debug standby errors

Router2#debug standby events

Router2#debug standby packets

Router2#debug standby terse

注释

22.12. 启用HSRP 版本2

提问部署HSRPv2

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1

Router1(config-if)#standby version 2

Router1(config-if)#standby 4095 ip 10.1.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 4095 timers msec 15 msec 50

Router1(config-if)#standby 4095 priority 200

Router1(config-if)#standby 4095 preempt

Router1(config-if)#end

Router1#

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0

Router2(config-if)#standby version 2

Router2(config-if)#standby 4095 ip 10.1.1.1

Router2(config-if)#standby 4095 timers msec 15 msec 50

Router2(config-if)#standby 4095 priority 150

Router2(config-if)#standby 4095 preempt

Router2(config-if)#end

Router2#

注释从12.3(4)T后开始支持HSRPv2，主要是扩展了可用组数，从v1的256个组到现在的4095个组，使用不同的MAC地址和组播地址，因此不能混用

22.13. VRRP

提问在思科路由器上启用VRRP

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1

Router1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

Router1(config-if)#vrrp 1 ip 10.1.1.1

Router1(config-if)#vrrp 1 preempt

Router1(config-if)#vrrp 1 priority 200

Router1(config-if)#end

Router1#

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0

Router2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0

Router2(config-if)#vrrp 1 ip 10.1.1.1

Router2(config-if)#vrrp 1 preempt

Router2(config-if)#vrrp 1 priority 150

Router2(config-if)#end

Router2#

注释注意在鉴权的配置上如果思科和非思粕璞复钆淇赡芑嵊形侍狻Ｔ谂渲枚ㄊ逼魃现荒芘渲?/SPAN>Hello间隔，可以在主路由器上配置，备份路由器可以通过配置vrrp 1 timers learn 命令来自动学习，可以为配置添加描述，也支持Track

22.14. GLBP

提问配置GLBP来实现流量的自动负荷分担

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0

Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3 255.255.255.0

Router1(config-if)#glbp 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0

Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.2 255.255.255.0

Router2(config-if)#glbp 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#end

Router2#

注释 GLBP通过组内设备轮回的相应虚拟MAC地址来实现自动的负荷分担，当然也可以使用其他的分担方式，比如权重等，这样不需要通过配置多HSRP组的方式实现了均衡，并且所有设备使用同一的网关地址

上篇文章：IP组播

下篇文章：端口冗余