故事背景
有一天,老鼠小白发现了一个奇怪的问题,它的奶酪的生产日期被谁搞丢了,不知道奶酪是否过期,可怎么吃呀?
![b0bdce60188fa57345b4cbe570d973d7.png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b0bdce60188fa57345b4cbe570d973d7.png)
让我们来看看吧
import java.util.Date;public class Cheese {public static final Cheese cheese=new Cheese();private final long produceTimes;private static final long produceDate =new Date(119,8,1).getTime();private Cheese() {produceTimes=new Date().getTime()-produceDate;}public long produceTimes() {return produceTimes;}public static void main(String[] args) {System.out.println("current time in day(from 1900:00:00) : "+new Date().getTime()/(1000*60*60*24L));System.out.println("cheese had produces : "+ cheese.produceTimes()/(1000*60*60*24L) +" days");}}
按照小白的预期,程序该跑出奶酪还剩下多少时间(秒),可是打印出的结果确实奶酪不会过期
current time in day(from 1900:00:00) : 18153cheese had produces : 18153 days
这是怎么回事呢?
![074c2c28095891d7f731f61cac8065bf.png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/074c2c28095891d7f731f61cac8065bf.png)
查看代码提交记录,发现老鼠小蓝有修改记录,仅仅调整了两行程序的顺序,小白原来的代码如下:
import java.util.Date;public class Cheese {private final long produceTimes;private static final long produceDate =new Date(119,8,1).getTime();public static final Cheese cheese=new Cheese();private Cheese() {produceTimes=new Date().getTime()-produceDate;}public long produceTimes() {return produceTimes;}public static void main(String[] args) {System.out.println("current time in day(from 1900:00:00) : "+new Date().getTime()/(1000*60*60*24L));System.out.println("cheese had produces : "+ cheese.produceTimes()/(1000*60*60*24L) +" days");}}
仅仅修改了两个变量的顺序,输出的结果就大相径庭了
current time in day(from 1900:00:00) : 18153cheese had produces : 13 days
这才是小白鼠想要的结果!
于是小白鼠去请教java的创造者java之父
![7a150dc6b39857f318f86f316d236ffc.png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/7a150dc6b39857f318f86f316d236ffc.png)
原来,实例的初始化也是有讲究的。
1.static字段先设置默认值,其中cheese被设置为null,produceDate被设置为0
2.然后static初始器执行,按照声明出现的顺序执行:
如果先执行cheese的话,调用Cheese()构造方法,此时用produceDate=0为值。
如果先执行produceDate的话,producteDate被设置为2019-09-01,再调用cheese()构造方法。
3 最后从构造器返回cheese类的初始化。
注意:Date设置日期为2019-09-01 为何设置为
new Date(119,8,1)
大家可以进去源码看说明情况
/** * Allocates aDate
object and initializes it so that * it represents midnight, local time, at the beginning of the day * specified by theyear
,month
, and *date
arguments. * * @param year the year minus 1900. * @param month the month between 0-11. * @param date the day of the month between 1-31. * @see java.util.Calendar * @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1, * replaced byCalendar.set(year + 1900, month, date)
* orGregorianCalendar(year + 1900, month, date)
. */ @Deprecated public Date(int year, int month, int date) { this(year, month, date, 0, 0, 0); }
其中,year份是从1900年开始的年数,即2019-1900=119
month是0~11计数的,需要实际月份减1,即9-1=8
date 是1~31计数的,实际天就可以 即1