python字符串函数reversed_Python reversed()函数

# Python `reversed()`函数

> 原文： [https://thepythonguru.com/python-builtin-functions/reversed/](https://thepythonguru.com/python-builtin-functions/reversed/)

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于 2020 年 1 月 7 日更新

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`reversed()`函数允许我们以相反的顺序处理项目。 它接受一个序列并返回一个迭代器。

其语法如下：

**语法**：

```py

reversed(sequence) -> reverse iterator

```

| 参数 | 描述 |

| --- | --- |

| `sequence` | 序列列表字符串，列表，元组等。 |

这里有些例子：

```py

>>>

>>> reversed([44, 11, -90, 55, 3])

>>>

>>>

>>> list(reversed([44, 11, -90, 55, 3])) # reversing a list

[3, 55, -90, 11, 44]

>>>

>>>

>>> list(reversed((6, 1, 3, 9))) # reversing a tuple

[9, 3, 1, 6]

>>>

>>> list(reversed("hello")) # reversing a string

['o', 'l', 'l', 'e', 'h']

>>>

```

试试看：

```py

print( reversed([44, 11, -90, 55, 3]) )

print(list(reversed([44, 11, -90, 55, 3]))) # reversing a list

print( list(reversed((6, 1, 3, 9)))) # reversing a tuple

print(list(reversed("hello"))) # reversing a string

```

为了立即产生结果，我们将`reversed()`包装在`list()`调用中。 Python 2 和 Python 3 都需要这样做。

传递给`reversed()`的参数必须是正确的序列。 尝试传递不保持其顺序(例如`dict`和`set`)的对象将导致`TypeError`。

```py

>>>

>>> reversed({0, 4, -2, 12, 6})

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

TypeError: argument to reversed() must be a sequence

>>>

>>>

>>> reversed({'name': 'John', 'age': 20})

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

TypeError: argument to reversed() must be a sequence

>>>

```

## 反转用户定义的对象

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若要反转用户定义的对象，该类必须执行下列操作之一：

1. 实现`__len__()`和`__getitem__()`方法； 要么

2. 实现`__reversed__()`方法

在下面的清单中，`CardDeck`类实现`__len__()`和`__getitem__()`方法。 结果，我们可以将`reversed()`应用于`CardDeck`实例。

```py

>>>

>>> from collections import namedtuple

>>>

>>> Card = namedtuple('Card', ['rank', 'suit'])

>>>

>>> class CardDeck:

... suits = ('club', 'diamond', 'heart', 'spades')

... ranks = tuple((str(i) for i in range(2, 11))) + tuple("JQKA")

...

... def __init__(self):

... self._cards = [Card(r, s) for s in self.suits for r in self.ranks ]

...

... def __len__(self):

... return len(self._cards)

...

... def __getitem__(self, index):

... return self._cards[index]

...

... # def __reversed__(self): this is how you would define __reversed__() method

... # return self._cards[::-1]

...

...

>>>

>>> deck = CardDeck()

>>>

>>> deck

>>>

>>>

>>> deck[0], deck[-1] # deck before reversing

(Card(rank='2', suit='club'), Card(rank='A', suit='spades'))

>>>

>>>

>>> reversed_deck = list(reversed(deck))

>>>

>>>

>>> reversed_deck[0], reversed_deck[-1] # deck after reversing

(Card(rank='A', suit='spades'), Card(rank='2', suit='club'))

>>>

```

试一试：

```py

from collections import namedtuple

Card = namedtuple('Card', ['rank', 'suit'])

class CardDeck:

suits = ('club', 'diamond', 'heart', 'spades')

ranks = tuple((str(i) for i in range(2, 11))) + tuple("JQKA")

def __init__(self):

self._cards = [Card(r, s) for s in self.suits for r in self.ranks ]

def __len__(self):

return len(self._cards)

def __getitem__(self, index):

return self._cards[index]

# def __reversed__(self): this is how you would define __reversed__() method

# return self._cards[::-1]

deck = CardDeck()

print(deck)

print( deck[0], deck[-1] ) # deck before reversing

reversed_deck = list(reversed(deck))

print(reversed_deck[0], reversed_deck[-1] ) # deck after reversing

```

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