一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
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3 springmvc
4 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
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6 contextConfigLocation
7 classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml
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13 springmvc
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3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
6 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
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4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
1 @Controller2 @RequestMapping("/mvc")3 public classmvcController {4
5 @RequestMapping("/hello")6 publicString hello(){7 return "hello";8 }9 }
7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
1 //match automatically
2 @RequestMapping("/person")3 public String toPerson(String name,doubleage){4 System.out.println(name+" "+age);5 return "hello";6 }
五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
1 package test.SpringMVC.model;2
3 public classPerson {4 publicString getName() {5 returnname;6 }7 public voidsetName(String name) {8 this.name =name;9 }10 public intgetAge() {11 returnage;12 }13 public void setAge(intage) {14 this.age =age;15 }16 privateString name;17 private intage;18
19 }
2.在Controller里编写方法
1 //boxing automatically
2 @RequestMapping("/person1")3 publicString toPerson(Person p){4 System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());5 return "hello";6 }
六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
1 //the parameter was converted in initBinder
2 @RequestMapping("/date")3 publicString date(Date date){4 System.out.println(date);5 return "hello";6 }7
8 //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
9 @InitBinder10 public voidinitBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){11 binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),12 true));13 }
七、向前台传递参数
1 //pass the parameters to front-end
2 @RequestMapping("/show")3 public String showPerson(Mapmap){4 Person p =newPerson();5 map.put("p", p);6 p.setAge(20);7 p.setName("jayjay");8 return "show";9 }
前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
1 //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
2 @RequestMapping("/getPerson")3 public voidgetPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){4 pw.write("hello,"+name);5 }6 @RequestMapping("/name")7 publicString sayHello(){8 return "name";9 }
前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
1 $(function(){2 $("#btn").click(function(){3 $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){4 alert(data);5 });6 });7 });
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求(注意:这里重定向是在同一个controller内重定向)
1 //redirect
2 @RequestMapping("/redirect")3 publicString redirect(){4 return "redirect:hello";5 }
十、文件上传、下载
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
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3.方法代码
1 @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)2 publicString upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{3 MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq =(MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;4 MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");5 String fileName =file.getOriginalFilename();6 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");7 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
8 "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));9 fos.write(file.getBytes());10 fos.flush();11 fos.close();12
13 return "hello";14 }
4.前台form表单
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下载操作:
DownloadController.java
1 package test.SpringMVC.controller;2
3 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;4 import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;5 import java.io.IOException;6 import java.io.InputStream;7 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;8 import java.net.URL;9 import java.net.URLConnection;10
11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;12 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;13
14 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;15 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;16 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;17
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20 @Component21 @Scope("prototype")22 @RequestMapping("/downloadFile")23 public classDownloadController {24
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26 @RequestMapping("/download")27 publicString download( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){28
29 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");30 try{31 request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");32 } catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {33 e1.printStackTrace();34 }35 java.io.BufferedInputStream bis = null;36 java.io.BufferedOutputStream bos = null;37
38 String downLoadPath = "http://files.saas.hand-china.com/104/%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%BA%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E9%A2%987.pdf";39 System.out.println(downLoadPath);40
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42 try{43 String filename=new String("你好.pdf".getBytes("UTF-8"),"iso-8859-1");//为了解决中文名称乱码问题
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45 URL url = newURL(downLoadPath);46 URLConnection conn =url.openConnection();47 InputStream is =conn.getInputStream();48
49 //long fileLength = new File(downLoadPath).length();
50 response.setContentType("application/x-msdownload;");51 response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment; filename=" +filename);52 //response.setHeader("Content-Length", String.valueOf(fileLength));
53 bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);54 bos = newBufferedOutputStream(response.getOutputStream());55 byte[] buff = new byte[2048];56 intbytesRead;57 while (-1 != (bytesRead = bis.read(buff, 0, buff.length))) {58 bos.write(buff, 0, bytesRead);59 }60 } catch(Exception e) {61 e.printStackTrace();62 } finally{63 if (bis != null)64 try{65 bis.close();66 } catch(IOException e) {67 e.printStackTrace();68 }69 if (bos != null)70 try{71 bos.close();72 } catch(IOException e) {73 e.printStackTrace();74 }75 }76 return null;77
78 }79
80 }
在前台代码:
即可
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
1 @Controller2 @RequestMapping("/test")3 public classmvcController1 {4 @RequestMapping(value="/param")5 public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,6 @RequestParam(value="name")String name){7 System.out.println(id+" "+name);8 return "/hello";9 }10 }
十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
1 @Controller2 @RequestMapping("/rest")3 public classRestController {4 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)5 public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){6 System.out.println("get"+id);7 return "/hello";8 }9
10 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)11 public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){12 System.out.println("post"+id);13 return "/hello";14 }15
16 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)17 public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){18 System.out.println("put"+id);19 return "/hello";20 }21
22 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)23 public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){24 System.out.println("delete"+id);25 return "/hello";26 }27
28 }
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
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4 org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter
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在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
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十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
1 @Controller2 @RequestMapping("/json")3 public classjsonController {4
5 @ResponseBody6 @RequestMapping("/user")7 public User get(){8 User u = newUser();9 u.setId(1);10 u.setName("jayjay");11 u.setBirth(newDate());12 returnu;13 }14 }
十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常(Controller内)
1 @ExceptionHandler2 publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){3 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");4 mv.addObject("exception", ex);5 System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");6 returnmv;7 }8
9 @RequestMapping("/error")10 publicString error(){11 int i = 5/0;12 return "hello";13 }
2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)
1 @ControllerAdvice2 public classtestControllerAdvice {3 @ExceptionHandler4 publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){5 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");6 mv.addObject("exception", ex);7 System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");8 returnmv;9 }10 }
3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
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3 @Override4 public voidafterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,5 HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)6 throws Exception {7 System.out.println("afterCompletion");8 }9
10 @Override11 public voidpostHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,12 Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {13 System.out.println("postHandle");14 }15
16 @Override17 publicboolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,18 Object arg2) throws Exception {19 System.out.println("preHandle");20 return true;21 }22
23 }
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
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3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
1 public classUser {2 public intgetId() {3 returnid;4 }5 public void setId(intid) {6 this.id =id;7 }8 publicString getName() {9 returnname;10 }11 public voidsetName(String name) {12 this.name =name;13 }14 publicDate getBirth() {15 returnbirth;16 }17 public voidsetBirth(Date birth) {18 this.birth =birth;19 }20 @Override21 publicString toString() {22 return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";23 }24 private intid;25 @NotEmpty26 privateString name;27
28 @Past29 @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")30 privateDate birth;31 }
ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
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ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
1 @Controller2 @RequestMapping("/form")3 public classformController {4 @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)5 publicString add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){6 if(br.getErrorCount()>0){7 return "addUser";8 }9 return "showUser";10 }11
12 @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)13 public String add(Mapmap){14 map.put("user",newUser());15 return "addUser";16 }17 }
ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
1 NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
2 Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value3 DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input iswrong4 typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input iswrong5 typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号
password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user name
password=password
创建一个locale.jsp
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在SpringMVC中配置
让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类
2.User实体类
1 public classUser {2 public intgetId() {3 returnid;4 }5 public void setId(intid) {6 this.id =id;7 }8 publicString getName() {9 returnname;10 }11 public voidsetName(String name) {12 this.name =name;13 }14 publicDate getBirth() {15 returnbirth;16 }17 public voidsetBirth(Date birth) {18 this.birth =birth;19 }20 @Override21 publicString toString() {22 return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";23 }24 private intid;25 @NotEmpty26 privateString name;27
28 @Past29 @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")30 privateDate birth;31 }
3.UserService类
1 @Component2 public classUserService {3 publicUserService(){4 System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");5 }6
7 public voidsave(){8 System.out.println("save");9 }10 }
4.UserController
1 @Controller2 @RequestMapping("/integrate")3 public classUserController {4 @Autowired5 privateUserService userService;6
7 @RequestMapping("/user")8 publicString saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){9 System.out.println(u);10 userService.save();11 return "hello";12 }13 }
5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
5 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
10 "11 xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
12 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
13 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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在Web.xml中添加配置
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6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
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十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。