oracle 配置访问,oracle的环境配置-监听服务和访问连接原理

监听服务和访问连接原理

端口号范围：1025~6500

[[email protected] ~]$ lsnrctl   --进入监听管理工具

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:13:20

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> status   --查看监听器状态

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                05-JUN-2014 09:38:27

Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 34 min. 54 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))  --端口号默认是1521，也就是对外提供服务的端口号。

Services Summary...

Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

SQL> conn [email protected]  --通过监听器访问

已连接。

ORCL33叫做网络服务名(连接描述符)，配置文件在客户端，服务器上不需要的。

F:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora  --客户端的路径.网络服务名配置文件

文件中：

ORCL33 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1521))  --oracle server的IP，端口号，数据库名字

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)

)

)

添加连接串两种方法：1、通过图形界面   2、直接修改这个文件

本地直接访问，不需要经过监听器，宿主机访问是必须通过监听器的。

用xmanager连接：

SQL> conn system/orcl  --本机访问

Connected.

SQL> conn [email protected]  --本机通过监听器访问

Connected.

将监听器停止

[[email protected] admin]$ lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:28:28

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

The command completed successfully

SQL> conn system/orcl  --本机访问不受影响

Connected.

SQL> conn [email protected]  --通过监听器访问不能连接

ERROR:

ORA-12541: TNS:no listener

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

SQL> conn [email protected]

ERROR:

ORA-12541: TNS: 无监听程序

警告: 您不再连接到 ORACLE。

启动监听后查看状态：

[[email protected] admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:31:39

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                05-JUN-2014 11:30:50

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 49 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully  --此时还是不能远端访问的，因为数据库还没监听到

此时连接：

SQL> conn [email protected]

ERROR:

ORA-12541: TNS: 无监听程序

警告: 您不再连接到 ORACLE。

[[email protected] admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:31:46

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                05-JUN-2014 11:30:50

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 55 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   --数据库被监听到

Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

SQL> conn [email protected]  --此时远端访问正常

已连接。

简单的检测方法：

C:\Users\Administrator>tnsping ORCL2567   --ping网路描述符是否是可以访问通的

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-6月 -

2014 11:38:41

Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

已使用的参数文件:

F:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora

已使用 TNSNAMES 适配器来解析别名

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)

(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)))

OK (30 毫秒)

[[email protected] admin]$ tnsping ORCL1

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:41:09

Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name  --ping不通的表现

原文：http://fengsonglin.blog.51cto.com/9860507/1615199