从网站下载单一超大文件有时超时问题

陈旻彦

于 2024-08-08 03:16:46 发布

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文章标签： php 开发语言

下载大文件时（这里只针对单一文件），可能会由于网络波动，时间不够等等原因，导致下载失败。

下面这串代码就是用于解决上述问题：

1.使用多线程加速下载，避免下载时间过长
2.实现断点续传，在因为各种原因中断导致下载失败后，能接着前面的文件继续下载。

# -*- codeing=utf-8 -*-
# @Time:2022/5/29 20:33
# @Author:Ye Zhoubing
# @File: download_large_file.py
# @software:PyCharm
"""
python 多线程下载大文件，并实现断点续传
"""
```python
# -*- codeing=utf-8 -*-
# @Time:2022/5/29 20:33
# @Author:Ye Zhoubing
# @File: download_large_file.py
# @software:PyCharm
"""
python 多线程下载大文件，并实现断点续传
"""
import os
import time
import httpx
from tqdm import tqdm
from threading import Thread
import datetime
import sys


class Logger(object):
    def __init__(self, filename='default.log', stream=sys.stdout):
        self.terminal = stream
        self.log = open(filename, 'w' , encoding = 'utf-8')

    def write(self, message):
        self.terminal.write(message)
        self.log.write(message)

    def flush(self):
        pass





class DownloadFile(object):
    def __init__(self, download_url, data_folder, thread_num):
        """
        :param download_url: 文件下载连接
        :param data_folder: 文件存储目录
        :param thread_num: 开辟线程数量
        """
        self.download_url = download_url
        self.data_folder = data_folder
        self.thread_num = thread_num
        self.file_size = None
        self.cut_size = None
        self.tqdm_obj = None
        self.thread_list = []
        self.file_path = os.path.join(self.data_folder, download_url.split('/')[-1])

    def downloader(self, etag, thread_index, start_index, stop_index, retry=False):
        sub_path_file = "{}_{}".format(self.file_path, thread_index)
        if os.path.exists(sub_path_file):
            temp_size = os.path.getsize(sub_path_file)  # 本地已经下载的文件大小
            if not retry:
                self.tqdm_obj.update(temp_size)  # 更新下载进度条
        else:
            temp_size = 0
        if stop_index == '-': stop_index = ""
        headers = {'Range': 'bytes={}-{}'.format(start_index + temp_size, stop_index),
                   'ETag': etag, 'if-Range': etag,
                   }
        down_file = open(sub_path_file, 'ab')
        try:
            with httpx.stream("GET", self.download_url, headers=headers) as response:
                num_bytes_downloaded = response.num_bytes_downloaded
                for chunk in response.iter_bytes():
                    if chunk:
                        down_file.write(chunk)
                        self.tqdm_obj.update(response.num_bytes_downloaded - num_bytes_downloaded)
                        num_bytes_downloaded = response.num_bytes_downloaded
        except Exception as e:
            print("Thread-{}:请求超时,尝试重连\n报错信息:{}".format(thread_index, e))
            self.downloader(etag, thread_index, start_index, stop_index, retry=True)
        finally:
            down_file.close()
        return

    def get_file_size(self):
        """
        获取预下载文件大小和文件etag
        :return:
        """
        with httpx.stream("GET", self.download_url) as response2:
            etag = ''
            total_size = int(response2.headers["Content-Length"])
            for tltle in response2.headers.raw:
                if tltle[0].decode() == "ETag":
                    etag = tltle[1].decode()
                    break
        return total_size, etag

    def cutting(self):
        """
        切割成若干份
        :param file_size: 下载文件大小
        :param thread_num: 线程数量
        :return:
        """
        cut_info = {}
        cut_size = self.file_size // self.thread_num
        for num in range(1, self.thread_num + 1):
            if num != 1:
                cut_info[num] = [cut_size, cut_size * (num - 1) + 1, cut_size * num]
            else:
                cut_info[num] = [cut_size, cut_size * (num - 1), cut_size * num]
            if num == self.thread_num:
                cut_info[num][2] = '-'
        return cut_info, cut_size

    def write_file(self):
        """
        合并分段下载的文件
        :param file_path:
        :return:
        """
        if os.path.exists(self.file_path):
            if len(self.file_path) >= self.file_size:
                return
        with open(self.file_path, 'ab') as f_count:
            for thread_index in range(1, self.thread_num + 1):
                with open("{}_{}".format(self.file_path, thread_index), 'rb') as sub_write:
                    f_count.write(sub_write.read())
                # 合并完成删除子文件
                os.remove("{}_{}".format(self.file_path, thread_index))
        return

    def create_thread(self, etag, cut_info):
        """
        开辟多线程下载
        :param file_path: 文件存储路径
        :param etag: headers校验
        :param cut_info:
        :return:
        """

        for thread_index in range(1, self.thread_num + 1):
            thread = Thread(target=self.downloader,
                            args=(etag, thread_index, cut_info[thread_index][1], cut_info[thread_index][2]))

            thread.setName('Thread-{}'.format(thread_index))
            thread.setDaemon(True)
            thread.start()
            self.thread_list.append(thread)

        for thread in self.thread_list:
            thread.join()
        return

    def check_thread_status(self):
        """
        查询线程状态。
        :return:
        """
        while True:
            for thread in self.thread_list:
                thread_name = thread.getName()
                if not thread.isAlive():
                    print("{}:已停止".format(thread_name))
            time.sleep(1)

    def create_data(self):
        if not os.path.exists(self.data_folder):
            os.mkdir(self.data_folder)
        return

    def main(self):
        # 平分几份
        self.create_data()
        self.file_size, etag = self.get_file_size()
        # 按线程数量均匀切割下载文件
        cut_info, self.cut_size = self.cutting()
        # 下载文件名称
        # 创建下载进度条
        self.tqdm_obj = tqdm(total=self.file_size, unit_scale=True, desc=self.file_path.split('/')[-1],
                             unit_divisor=1024,
                             unit="B")
        # 开始多线程下载
        self.create_thread(etag, cut_info)
        # 合并多线程下载文件
        self.write_file()
        return


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 将控制台print的报错结果输出到log.txt文件
    sys.stdout = Logger(r'log.txt', sys.stdout) #不希望生成log文件注释掉即可
    # sys.stderr = Logger(r'log_file.txt', sys.stderr)
    start_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    print("开始时间："+start_time)
    print("==" * 20)
    download_url = "https://heyulei1.github.io/videos/1.mp4"
    data_folder = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), 'Data')
    thread_num = 20 # 想提高速度可以提高线程数，但不要太高，这与电脑配置有关
    downloader = DownloadFile(download_url, data_folder, thread_num)
    downloader.main()
    print(download_url,'完成')
    end_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    print("==" * 20)
    print("结束时间："+end_time+"\n")