ord()和chr()是一对功能相反的函数_一对平行无限长直载流导线产生的磁场

0a11ad49711e5db7e3c2f3d30c85e257.png

假设在无限大真空中,存在一对平行、无限长、通有大小相等的电流的直导线。此时,空间中的磁场分布是什么样子的?下面我们将通过计算进行简要探讨。

假设这对长直导线距离为

equation?tex=2l ,电流大小为
equation?tex=I ,真空磁导率
equation?tex=%5Cmu_0 。由于磁感应强度在平行导线方向上为零,故我们只探讨导线截面上的磁感应强度分布情况。

367651fd97dab8022cf4357758360e43.png

首先探讨电流方向相反的情况,示意图如下:

7e83c3b3cb45f25a20dd04e77170b641.png

由两直导线产生的涡旋磁场的磁矢势为

equation?tex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+++++++++%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bll%7D+++++++++++++%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D_1%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B4%5Cpi%7Dlog%5By%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%5D%5Ctextbf%7Bk%7D+%5C%5C++++++++++++%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D_2%3D-%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B4%5Cpi%7Dlog%5By%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%5D%5Ctextbf%7Bk%7D+++++++++++%5Cend%7Barray%7D+++++%5Cright.

总磁矢势

equation?tex=%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%3D%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D_1%2B%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D_2%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B4%5Cpi%7Dlog%5B%5Cfrac%7By%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%7D%7By%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%7D%5D%5Ctextbf%7Bk%7D+

equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B4%5Cpi%7Dlog%5B%5Cfrac%7By%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%7D%7By%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%7D%5D%3DA_z

equation?tex=%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%3D%5Cnabla%5Ctimes%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D 可知

equation?tex=%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpartial+A_z%7D%7B%5Cpartial+y%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bi%7D-%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpartial+A_z%7D%7B%5Cpartial+x%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bj%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B%5Cpi%7D%5B%5Cfrac%7B2lxy%7D%7B%28y%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%29%28y%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%29%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bi%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7Bl%28y%5E2-x%5E2%2Bl%5E2%29%7D%7B%28y%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%29%28y%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%29%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bj%7D%5D

这是磁感应强度的分布状况。

欲求此时的磁感线分布,则需解下面这个一阶微分方程,它是磁感线所满足的条件:

equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7Bdy%7D%7Bdx%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpartial+A_z%7D%7B%5Cpartial+x%7D%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpartial+A_z%7D%7B%5Cpartial+y%7D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7By%5E2-x%5E2%2Bl%5E2%7D%7B2xy%7D

解得

equation?tex=%5Cpsi%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%2By%5E2%2Bl%5E2%7D%7Bx%7D

其中

equation?tex=%5Cpsi 是一个与空间位置坐标有关的参量。
equation?tex=%28-l%2C0%29%28l%2C0%29 为两个奇点

用绘图软件描绘二元函数

equation?tex=%5Cpsi%28x%2Cy%29 等值线即可得到在电流方向相反的情况下,一对平行、无限长、通有大小相等的电流的直导线在该截面上所产生的磁场的磁感线。

42005ebc27fce267099b7afc474af6b3.png

这与一般结论相吻合。


接着探讨电流方向相同的情况,示意图如下:

f22ba92fee822a327a7c3271de2acfd3.png

由两直导线产生的涡旋磁场的磁矢势为

equation?tex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+++++++++%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bll%7D+++++++++++++%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D_1%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B4%5Cpi%7Dlog%5By%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%5D%5Ctextbf%7Bk%7D+%5C%5C++++++++++++%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D_2%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B4%5Cpi%7Dlog%5By%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%5D%5Ctextbf%7Bk%7D+++++++++++%5Cend%7Barray%7D+++++%5Cright.

总磁矢势

equation?tex=%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%3D%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D_1%2B%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D_2%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B4%5Cpi%7Dlog%5B%28y%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%29%28y%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%29%5D%5Ctextbf%7Bk%7D+

equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B4%5Cpi%7Dlog%5B%28y%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%29%28y%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%29%5D+%3DA_z

equation?tex=%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%3D%5Cnabla%5Ctimes%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D 可知

equation?tex=%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpartial+A_z%7D%7B%5Cpartial+y%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bi%7D-%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpartial+A_z%7D%7B%5Cpartial+x%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bj%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B%5Cpi%7D%5B%5Cfrac%7By%28x%5E2%2By%5E2%2Bl%5E2%29%7D%7B%28y%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%29%28y%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%29%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bi%7D-%5Cfrac%7Bx%28x%5E2%2By%5E2-l%5E2%29%7D%7B%28y%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%29%28y%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%29%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bj%7D%5D

这是磁感应强度的分布状况。

欲求此时的磁感线分布,则需解下面这个一阶微分方程,它是磁感线所满足的条件:

equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7Bdy%7D%7Bdx%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpartial+A_z%7D%7B%5Cpartial+x%7D%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpartial+A_z%7D%7B%5Cpartial+y%7D%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7By%7D%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%2By%5E2-l%5E2%7D%7Bx%5E2%2By%5E2%2Bl%5E2%7D

解得

equation?tex=%5Cpsi%3D%28x%5E2%2By%5E2%2Bl%5E2%29%5E2-l%5E4-4l%5E2x%5E2

其中

equation?tex=%5Cpsi 是一个与空间位置坐标有关的参量。
equation?tex=%28-l%2C0%29%28l%2C0%29 为两个奇点

用绘图软件描绘二元函数

equation?tex=%5Cpsi%28x%2Cy%29 等值线即可得到在电流方向相反的情况下,一对平行、无限长、通有大小相等的电流的直导线在该截面上所产生的磁场的磁感线。

5b071089341758891214c27cbceb757f.png


这与一般结论相吻合。

需要特别注意的是,图中描绘出了

equation?tex=%5Cpsi%3D0 时的图形,该图形实际上为伯努利双纽线。在实际磁场中,这条磁感线只能无限逼近而无法画出。

综合上述讨论,我们得到了一对平行、无限长、通有大小相等(

equation?tex=I_1%3DI_2%3DI )的电流的直导线在空间中激发出的磁场的磁感应强度与磁感线方程:

equation?tex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+++++++++%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bll%7D+++++++++++++%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B%5Cpi%7D%5B%5Cfrac%7B2lxy%7D%7B%28y%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%29%28y%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%29%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bi%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7Bl%28y%5E2-x%5E2%2Bl%5E2%29%7D%7B%28y%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%29%28y%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%29%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bj%7D%5D%2C%5C+I_1%5C+et%5C+I_2%5C+directiones%5C+oppositas+%5C%5C++++++++++++%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0I%7D%7B%5Cpi%7D%5B%5Cfrac%7By%28x%5E2%2By%5E2%2Bl%5E2%29%7D%7B%28y%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%29%28y%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%29%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bi%7D-%5Cfrac%7Bx%28x%5E2%2By%5E2-l%5E2%29%7D%7B%28y%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%29%28y%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%29%7D%5Ctextbf%7Bj%7D%5D%2CI_1%5C+et%5C+I_2%5C+directiones%5C+sint%5C+in%5C+eodem+++++++++%5Cend%7Barray%7D+++++%5Cright.

equation?tex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+++++++++%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bll%7D+++++++++++++%5Cpsi%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%2By%5E2%2Bl%5E2%7D%7Bx%7D%2C%5Cqquad%5Cqquad%5Cqquad%5Cqquad%5Cqquad%5Cquad+I_1%5C+et%5C+I_2%5C+directiones%5C+oppositas+%5C%5C++++++++++++%5Cpsi%3D%28x%5E2%2By%5E2%2Bl%5E2%29%5E2-l%5E4-4l%5E2x%5E2%2C%5C+I_1%5C+et%5C+I_2%5C+directiones%5C+sint%5C+in%5C+eodem+++++++++%5Cend%7Barray%7D+++++%5Cright.

我们也可以稍加拓展。如果导线中通入的电流大小不等。设两电流大小分别为

equation?tex=I_1%2CI_2 ,选定其中一个电流的方向为正后,磁感应强度分布的一般表达式为

equation?tex=%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmu_0%7D%7B2%5Cpi%7D%5B%28%5Cfrac%7BI_1y%7D%7By%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7BI_2y%7D%7By%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%7D%29%5Ctextbf%7Bi%7D-%28%5Cfrac%7BI_1%28x%2Bl%29%7D%7By%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7BI_2%28x-l%29%7D%7By%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%7D%29%5Ctextbf%7Bj%7D%5D

而对于电流大小不等的情况下的磁感线分布,当

equation?tex=I_1%2CI_2 的值未精确给出时,是无法得到解析解的,故仅列出磁感线所满足的一般微分方程:

equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7Bdy%7D%7Bdx%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B%5Cfrac%7BI_1%28x%2Bl%29%7D%7By%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7BI_2%28x-l%29%7D%7By%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%7D%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7BI_1y%7D%7By%5E2%2B%28x%2Bl%29%5E2%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7BI_2y%7D%7By%5E2%2B%28x-l%29%5E2%7D%7D

dabf22e2cd85fa5c2193309c19b991f8.png

2021.1.6

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