mysql 分枝_mysql 存储过程简单学习

转载自：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23302288-id-3785111.html

■存储过程Stored

Procedure

存储过程就是保存一系列SQL命令的集合，将这些sql命令有组织的形成一个小程序，这样会实现很复杂的处理

SQL基本是一个命令一个命令执行，虽然可以通过连接、子查询等实现些高级的处理，但局限性是显而易见的

■存储过程的优势

1.提高执行性能(存储过程事先完成了解析、编译的处理，执行时能减轻数据库负担)

2.可减轻网络负担(比起多次传递SQL命令本身，这大大减轻了网络负担)

3.可防止对表的直接访问(可只赋予用户对相关存储过程的访问权限)

4.存储过程会保存在数据库中，应用程序只需要知道调用哪个存储过程就可以完成相应处理

■使用存储过程

参数种类分为: IN(输入型)，OUT(输出型)，

INOUT(输入输出型)

SELECT column1..  INTO 变量1...

FROM table1 WHERE xxx;   //这个变量1对应OUT，INOUT

create procedure

存储过程名(

参数种类1  参数1

参数类型1

参数种类2  参数2

参数类型2...)

begin

处理内容

end

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE

search_customer(

IN  p_nam VARCHAR(20))

BEGIN

IF p_nam IS NULL OR p_nam = ‘‘ THEN

SELECT * FROM customer;

ELSE

SELECT * FROM customer WHERE nam LIKE p_nam;

END IF;

END

//

DELIMITER ；

■注意事项

1.DELIMITER命令改变分隔符

默认分隔符是‘;‘ 存储过程中肯定会有‘;‘

,所以使用其将分隔符改为‘//‘ , 创建好后，在将分隔符改回‘;‘

2.可使用的控制语句

IF语句

IF situation=1  THEN

command1;

ELSEIF  situation=2

THEN

command2;

ELSE

command3;

END IF ;

CASE语句

CASE  situation

WHEN 1 THEN  command1;

WHEN 2 THEN  command2;

WHEN 3 THEN  command3;

ELSE

command4;

END CASE;

WHILE (前置判断)

根据条件，循环有可能一次不执行

WHILE  situation >1

DO

command1;

END WHILE;

REPEAT (后置判断)

不论条件如何，循环至少会执行一次 command1

REPEAT

command1;

UNTIL situation<=1  END

REPEAT;

3.查看创建的存储过程状态

SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS \G;

SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE search_nam

\G;

4.删除存储过程

DROP PROCEDURE

search_nam;

5.执行存储过程

CALL search_nam(‘li%‘);

CALL search_nam(‘‘);

创建存储函数

mysql> DELIMITER //

mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE search_nam(

->

IN p_nam VARCHAR(20))

->

BEGIN

->

IF p_nam IS NULL OR p_nam=‘‘ THEN

->

SELECT * FROM USER3;

->

ELSE

->

SELECT * FROM USER3 WHERE name LIKE p_nam;

->

END IF;

-> END

-> //

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05

sec)

mysql> DELIMITER ;

查看创建的存储函数语句

mysql> SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE

search_nam \G;

*************************** 1. row

***************************

Procedure:

search_nam

sql_mode:

Create Procedure: CREATE

DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `search_nam`(

IN p_nam

VARCHAR(20))

BEGIN

IF p_nam IS NULL

OR p_nam=‘‘ THEN

SELECT * FROM USER3;

ELSE

SELECT * FROM USER3 WHERE name LIKE p_nam;

END

IF;

END

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看创建的存储函数状态

mysql> SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS

\G;

*************************** 1. row

***************************

Db: test

Name: search_nam

Type: PROCEDURE

Modified:

2011-08-13 05:40:12

Created:

2011-08-13 05:40:12

Security_type: DEFINER

Comment:

1 row in set (0.00

sec)

调用存储过程

成功

mysql> CALL

search_nam(‘aa%‘);

+------+------+

| id   | name |

+------+------+

|    1 | aaa

|

+------+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00

sec)

mysql> CALL search_nam(‘‘);

+------+------+

| id   | name |

+------+------+

|    1 | aaa

|

|    2 | bbb

|

|    3 | ccc

|

+------+------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00

sec)

演示OUT类型参数

mysql> DELIMITER //

mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE

search_nam2(

->

IN p_nam VARCHAR(20),

->

OUT p_num INT)

->

BEGIN

->

IF p_nam IS NULL OR p_nam=‘‘ THEN

->

SELECT * FROM user3;

->

ELSE

->

SELECT * FROM USER3 WHERE name LIKE

p_nam;

->

END IF;

->

SELECT FOUND_ROWS() INTO p_num;

-> END

->

//

mysql> DELIMITER ;

mysql> SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS

;

+------+-------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+

| Db   | Name

| Type      | Definer

| Modified            | Created

|

+------+-------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+

| test | search_nam  | PROCEDURE

| [email protected] | 2011-08-13 05:40:12 | 2011-08-13 05:40:12

|

| test | search_nam2 | PROCEDURE |

[email protected] | 2011-08-13 05:56:37 | 2011-08-13 05:56:37 |

+------+-------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00

sec)

调用成功

mysql> CALL

search_nam3(‘bb%‘,@num);

+------+------+

| id   | name |

+------+------+

|    2 | bbb

|

+------+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00

sec)

mysql> SELECT @num;

+------+

| @num |

+------+

| 1    |

+------+

1 row in set (0.00

sec)

IF多分枝演示

mysql> DELIMITER //

mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE depart(

->

IN de_nam VARCHAR(10))

-> BEGIN

->

IF de_nam=1 THEN

->

SELECT * FROM USER3 WHERE depart=‘IT‘;

->

ELSEIF de_nam=2 THEN

->

SELECT * FROM USER3 WHERE

depart=‘HR‘;

->

ELSE

->

SELECT * FROM USER3 WHERE

depart=‘BOSS‘;

->

END IF;

-> END

-> //

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00

sec)

mysql> DELIMITER ;

mysql> CALL depart(2);

//演示成功

+------+------+--------+

| id   | name | depart

|

+------+------+--------+

|    2 | bbb  | HR

|

+------+------+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

CASE演示

mysql> DELIMITER

//

mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE

depart2(

->

IN de_num INT)

-> BEGIN

->

CASE de_num

->

WHEN 1 THEN

->

SELECT * FROM USER3 WHERE

depart=‘IT‘;

->

WHEN 2 THEN

->

SELECT * FROM USER3 WHERE depart=‘HR‘;

->

ELSE

->

SELECT * FROM USER3 WHERE depart=‘BOSS‘;

->

END CASE;

-> END

-> //

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00

sec)

mysql> DELIMITER

;

mysql> CALL

depart2(1);

+------+------+--------+

| id   | name | depart

|

+------+------+--------+

|    1 | aaa  | IT

|

+------+------+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

//演示成功

mysql> CALL depart2(2);

+------+------+--------+

| id   | name | depart

|

+------+------+--------+

|    2 | bbb  | HR

|

+------+------+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

声明局部变量：

DECLARE tmp CHAR(10)

[值]；

给变量赋值：

SET tmp=‘值‘ ;

mysql> DELIMITER //

mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE

depart3(

->

IN p_num INT)

-> BEGIN

->

DECLARE tmp CHAR(5);

->

CASE p_num

->

WHEN 1 THEN

->

SET tmp=‘IT‘;

->

WHEN 2 THEN

->

SET tmp=‘HR‘;

->

ELSE

->

SET tmp=‘BOSS‘;

->

END CASE;

->

SELECT * FROM USER3 WHERE

depart=tmp;

-> END

-> //

mysql> DELIMITER

;

mysql> call

depart3(1);

+------+------+--------+

| id   | name | depart

|

+------+------+--------+

|    1 | aaa  | IT

|

+------+------+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00

sec)

mysql> call depart3(2);

//调用成功

+------+------+--------+

| id   | name | depart

|

+------+------+--------+

|    2 | bbb  | HR

|

+------+------+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

演示while

mysql> DELIMITER //

mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE

sp_sum(

->

IN p_num INT,

->

OUT res INT)

-> BEGIN

->

SET res=1;

->

WHILE p_num > 1 DO

->

SET res=res * p_num;

->

SET p_num=p_num - 1;

->

END WHILE;

->

END

-> //

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00

sec)

mysql> DELIMITER ;

mysql> CALL

sp_sum(5,@res);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00

sec)

mysql> SELECT @res;

//演示成功

+------+

| @res |

+------+

| 120  |

+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

演示repeat

mysql> DELIMITER //

mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE

sp_sum2(

->

IN p_num INT,

->

OUT res INT)

-> BEGIN

->

SET res = 1;

->

REPEAT

->

SET res=res * p_num;

->

SET p_num=p_sum - 1;

->

UNTIL p_num < 2 END REPEAT;

-> END

-> //

mysql> DELIMITER

;

mysql> CALL

sp_sum2(5,@res);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

//调用成功

mysql> SELECT @res;

+------+

| @res |

+------+

| 120  |

+------+

1 row in set (0.00

sec)

原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/ymy124/p/3761222.html