本文介绍了在CentOS 5.5环境下，通过yum安装mysql 5.0.27的详细过程，包括下载、解压、配置、编译、安装以及解决配置过程中遇到的libncurses库问题和字符集设置，确保系统与数据库的UTF-8编码一致。
CentOS 5.5下安装mysql-5.0.27
下载mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz：
解压：tar zxvf mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.27
# mkdir /program/mysql
---
# ./configure --prefix=/program/mysql --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql --with-comment=Source --with-server-suffix=-Community --with-mysqld-user=mysql --without-debug --with-big-tables --with-charset=gbk --with-collation=utf8_general_ci --with-extra-charsets=all --with-pthread --enable-static --enable-thread-safe-client --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --enable-assembler --without-innodb --without-ndb-debug --with-charset=utf8
统一编码，都使用utf8
--with-collation=utf8_general_ci
--with-charset=utf8
---
mysql编译参数说明：根据 ./configure --help 查看支持配置的参数
如下链接：
---
错误：checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
解决：在configure后增加–with-named-curses-libs=/usr/lib/libncurses.so.5
# ./configure --prefix=/program/mysql --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql --with-comment=Source --with-server-suffix=-Community --with-mysqld-user=mysql --without-debug --with-big-tables --with-charset=gbk --with-collation=utf8_general_ci --with-extra-charsets=all --with-pthread --enable-static --enable-thread-safe-client --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --enable-assembler --without-innodb --without-ndb-debug --with-charset=utf8 --with-named-curses-libs=/usr/lib/libncurses.so.5
[root@localhost mysql-5.0.27]# make
出现错误：
/usr/bin/ld: attempted static link of dynamic object `/usr/lib/libncurses.so.5'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [mysql] 错误 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/navy/Desktop/mysql-5.0.27/client'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/navy/Desktop/mysql-5.0.27'
make: *** [all] 错误 2
解决方法：
检查是否已经安装以下的辅助软件包
[root@localhost mysql-5.0.27]# rpm -q ncurses
ncurses-5.5-24.
[root@localhost mysql-5.0.27]# rpm -q ncurses-devel
package ncurses-devel is not installed
提示ncurses-devel没有安装，用yum安装：
[root@localhost mysql-5.0.27]# yum install ncurses-devel
Setting up Install Process
Total download size: 1.6 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Installed: ncurses-devel.i386 0:5.5-24.
Complete!
---
重新configure，make时再次出现错误：
/usr/bin/ld: attempted static link of dynamic object `/usr/lib/libncurses.so.5'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [mysql] 错误 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/navy/Desktop/mysql-5.0.27/client'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/navy/Desktop/mysql-5.0.27'
make: *** [all] 错误 2
解决方法：
在configure时将选项“--with-named-curses-libs=/usr/lib/libncurses.so.5”去除
# ./configure --prefix=/program/mysql --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql --with-comment=Source --with-server-suffix=-Community --with-mysqld-user=mysql --without-debug --with-big-tables --with-charset=gbk --with-collation=utf8_general_ci --with-extra-charsets=all --with-pthread --enable-static --enable-thread-safe-client --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --enable-assembler --without-innodb --without-ndb-debug --with-charset=utf8
[root@localhost mysql-5.0.27]# make
make成功！
[root@localhost mysql-5.0.27]# make install
---
[root@localhost mysql-5.0.27]# useradd mysql //添加 mysql 用户
[root@localhost mysql-5.0.27]# cd /program/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Installing all prepared tables
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R root:mysql . //设置权限，注意后面有一个 "."
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql //设置 mysql 目录权限
[root@localhost mysql]# chgrp -R mysql . //注意后面有一个 "."
[root@localhost mysql]# cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp：是否覆盖“/etc/my.cnf”? y
[root@localhost mysql]# cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld//开机自动启动 mysql
cp：是否覆盖“/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld”? y
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start//启动 MySQL
Starting MySQL
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqladmin -u root password "要设置的密码"
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld stop//关闭 MySQL
Shutting down MySQL
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统一编码
1.2.1首先要确保centos5以中文方式安装，我测试过先按英文方式安装，可后来怎么也配不上中文字符集。重新用中文方式安装，字符集都会自动加载了，免去很多烦恼。
如果不放心，确认一下：
vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n (确保其内容是这样的.)
LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
查看变量：env
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
如果都是这样，就正确了！
1.2.2修改mysql的配置文件,使数据库与服务器操作系统的字符集设置一致。
vi /etc/my.cnf 设置(如果没有发现这个文件，就新建1个)
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8 (增加的关键一句,使得数据库缺省以utf8存储)
当然，修改后，要重启数据库。
再次用mysql -u root -p命令进入数据库系统，用SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';命令查看到如下内容：
+--------------------------+---------------------- ----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------- ----------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /program/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+---------------------- ----------------+
但这样还不够，还要保证客户端也是用utf8的字符集来操作的。
登录的时候，要用以下命令：mysql --default-character-set=utf8 -u root -p
再次用SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';命令查看，结果变成了：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+---------------------- ----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------- ----------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /program/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+---------------------- ----------------+
也可以用set改变编码，不过退出sql后，不能保存。
set character_set_client=utf8;
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参考文章
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