Linux编程语言glob函数,linux glob函数man页与实例

Linux Programmer's Manual

NAME        glob,  globfree  -  find pathnames matching a pattern, free memory from

glob()

SYNOPSIS

#include

int glob(const char *pattern, int flags,

int errfunc(const char *epath, int eerrno),

glob_t *pglob);

void globfree(glob_t *pglob);

DESCRIPTION

The glob() function searches for all  the  pathnames  matching  pattern

according  to  the  rules  used  by  the shell (see glob(7)).  No tilde

expansion or parameter substitution is done; if  you  want  these,  use

wordexp(3).

The globfree() function frees the dynamically allocated storage from an

earlier call to glob().

The results of a glob() call are stored in the structure pointed to  by

pglob, which is a glob_t which is declared in and includes the

following elements defined by POSIX.2 (more may be present as an exten-

sion):

typedef struct

{

size_t gl_pathc;    /* Count of paths matched so far  */

char **gl_pathv;    /* List of matched pathnames.  */

size_t gl_offs;     /* Slots to reserve in `gl_pathv'.  */

} glob_t;

Results are stored in dynamically allocated storage.

The  parameter  flags is made up of bitwise OR of zero or more the fol-

lowing symbolic constants, which modify the of behaviour of glob():

GLOB_ERR

which means to return upon read error (because a directory  does

not have read permission, for example),

GLOB_MARK

which  means to append a slash to each path which corresponds to

a directory,

GLOB_NOSORT

which means don't sort  the  returned  pathnames  (they  are  by

default),

GLOB_DOOFFS

which  means  that  pglob->gl_offs slots will be reserved at the

beginning of the list of strings in pglob->pathv,

GLOB_NOCHECK

which means that, if no pattern matches, to return the  original

pattern,

GLOB_APPEND

which means to append to the results of a previous call.  Do not

set this flag on the first invocation of glob().

GLOB_NOESCAPE

which means that meta  characters  cannot  be  quoted  by  back-

slashes.

The  flags may also include some of the following, which are GNU exten-

sions and not defined by POSIX.2:

GLOB_PERIOD

which means that a leading period can be matched by meta charac-

ters,

GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC

which   means  that  alternative  functions  pglob->gl_closedir,

pglob->gl_readdir,   pglob->gl_opendir,   pglob->gl_lstat,   and

pglob->gl_stat  are  used  for file system access instead of the

normal library functions,

GLOB_BRACE

which means  that  csh(1)  style  brace  expressions  {a,b}  are

expanded,

GLOB_NOMAGIC

which  means  that  the  pattern  is  returned if it contains no

metacharacters,

GLOB_TILDE

which means that tilde expansion is carried out, and

GLOB_ONLYDIR

which means that only directories are matched.

If errfunc is not NULL, it will be called in case of an error with  the

arguments  epath,  a  pointer to the path which failed, and eerrno, the

value of errno as returned from one of the calls  to  opendir(),  read-

dir(),  or stat().  If errfunc returns non-zero, or if GLOB_ERR is set,

glob() will terminate after the call to errfunc.

Upon successful return, pglob->gl_pathc contains the number of  matched

pathnames  and  pglob->gl_pathv  a pointer to the list of matched path-

names.  The first pointer after the last pathname is NULL.

It is possible to  call  glob()  several  times.   In  that  case,  the

GLOB_APPEND flag has to be set in flags on the second and later invoca-

tions.

As a GNU extension, pglob->gl_flags is set to the flags specified, ored

with GLOB_MAGCHAR if any metacharacters were found.

RETURN VALUE

On  successful completion, glob() returns zero.  Other possible returns

are:

GLOB_NOSPACE

for running out of memory,

GLOB_ABORTED

for a read error, and

GLOB_NOMATCH

for no found matches.

EXAMPLE

One example of use is the following code, which simulates typing

ls -l *.c ../*.c

in the shell:

glob_t globbuf;

globbuf.gl_offs = 2;

glob("*.c", GLOB_DOOFFS, NULL, &globbuf);

glob("../*.c", GLOB_DOOFFS | GLOB_APPEND, NULL, &globbuf);

globbuf.gl_pathv[0] = "ls";

globbuf.gl_pathv[1] = "-l";

execvp("ls", &globbuf.gl_pathv[0]);

CONFORMING TO

POSIX.2, POSIX.1-2001.

BUGS

The glob() function may fail due  to  failure  of  underlying  function

calls,  such  as  malloc()  or opendir().  These will store their error

code in errno.

NOTES

The structure elements gl_pathc and gl_offs are declared as  size_t  in

glibc 2.1, as they should according to POSIX.2, but are declared as int

in libc4, libc5 and glibc 2.0.

SEE ALSO

ls(1), sh(1),  stat(2),  exec(3),  fnmatch(3),  malloc(3),  opendir(3),

readdir(3), wordexp(3), glob(7)

实例：

glob_t glb;     int i_ret = glob( "/cylanconf/network/ifcfg-eth*", 0, NULL, &glb );     if ( i_ret != 0 )     {         printf( "glob failed (%s)", strerror(errno) );         return -1;     }     int i = 0;     for ( i = 0; i < glb.gl_pathc; i++ )     {         printf( "%s", glb.gl_pathv[i] );     }