LVM实作流程之物理卷管理

 ⑴ 物理卷管理

① 建立物理卷

⒈ 设置分区类型

假如你使用一整块磁盘作为 pv ，磁盘必须没有分区表，也就是之前没有被分区过
如果有分区的话，必须确保 partition ID 是 8e
如果是整个磁盘的话，必须把分区表擦除
要删除分区表，可以用 dd 命令把第一个扇区用 0 填充：
dd if=/dev/zero of=PhysicalVolume bs=512 count=1
当然这会摧毁原来盘上所有的数据

⒉ 初始化一个物理设备

pvcreate 命令用于初始化一个或者多个设备（磁盘 or 分区）成为 pv
语法：
pvcreate <disk> 如：pvcreate /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1

pvcreate <partition> 如：pvcreate /dev/hda{6,7,8}

⒊ 扫描块设备

你可以扫描所有块设备，以便知道那些可以用来建立物理卷
这是通过 lvmdiskscan 命令实现的


② 显示物理卷

有3个命令可以用于显示 LVM 物理卷的属性，分别是 pvs，pvdiskplay，pvscan

⒈ pvs

pvs 命令以配置文件的格式提供物理卷的信息，每行显示一个物理卷的信息
pvs 命令可以很灵活的控制输出格式，主要用于脚本中
不加参数，默认输出：
增加 -v 参数，会显示LVM 对像的额外信息，例如 UUID字段
增加 -o 参数，指定需要输出的字段
如果想在默认输出的前提下增加字段，可以使用 -o + 字段名

⒉ pvscan

扫描所有的已经存在的 pv
你可以在 lvm.conf 中定义一个过滤器，这样 pvscan 就不会扫描某些类型的设备了

⒊ pvdisplay
为每个 pv 提供一个冗余的多行格式的输出，它显示物理特性（大小，extents 数量，所在卷组等）

③ 阻止一个 pv 被分配

当有磁盘发生错误，或者你要删除该物理卷的时候
你可以使用 pvchange 命令阻止 PE 在一个或者多个 PV 的自由空间上的分配
pvchange 命令的 -x n <disk|partition> 可以阻止一个分区或者设备被使用
pvchange -x n /dev/sdk1
一旦想恢复对它的使用，使用 -x y 参数

④ 重新调整 pv 的大小

假如你需要改变一个 pv 的大小，使用 pvresize 命令来调整
即使在 LVM 正在使用该 pv 时也可以使用该命令

⑤ 删除一个 pv

假如一个设备不再需要被使用时，你可以使用 pvremove 命令来删除它
它会把该 pv 上的元数据清零
在删除一个 pv 之前，你必须先把它从卷组中移走。用 vgreduce 命令


⑥ 实验过程

[plain] view plain copy print ?

1. [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda{13,14,15}
2. Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda13"
3. Physical volume "/dev/sda13" successfully created
4. Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda14"
5. Physical volume "/dev/sda14" successfully created
6. Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda15"
7. Physical volume "/dev/sda15" successfully created
8. [root@localhost ~]# pvscan
9. PV /dev/sda13 lvm2 [86.26 MB]
10. PV /dev/sda14 lvm2 [86.26 MB]
11. PV /dev/sda15 lvm2 [86.26 MB]
12. Total: 3 [258.77 MB] / in use: 0 [0 ] / in no VG: 3 [258.77 MB]
13. [root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
14. "/dev/sda13" is a new physical volume of "86.26 MB"
15. --- NEW Physical volume ---
16. PV Name /dev/sda13
17. VG Name
18. PV Size 86.26 MB
19. Allocatable NO
20. PE Size (KByte) 0
21. Total PE 0
22. Free PE 0
23. Allocated PE 0
24. PV UUID lKGamq-tlEi-dodU-9zjZ-pZr0-5p2q-NpGqmu
26. "/dev/sda14" is a new physical volume of "86.26 MB"
27. --- NEW Physical volume ---
28. PV Name /dev/sda14
29. VG Name
30. PV Size 86.26 MB
31. Allocatable NO
32. PE Size (KByte) 0
33. Total PE 0
34. Free PE 0
35. Allocated PE 0
36. PV UUID zlKivB-rB69-TQdW-qnKv-Fmbr-VTPU-krefuc
38. "/dev/sda15" is a new physical volume of "86.26 MB"
39. --- NEW Physical volume ---
40. PV Name /dev/sda15
41. VG Name
42. PV Size 86.26 MB
43. Allocatable NO
44. PE Size (KByte) 0
45. Total PE 0
46. Free PE 0
47. Allocated PE 0
48. PV UUID xhz0dv-rJJ2-PJUa-EfJT-bINn-zMSW-GZlFYT
49. [root@localhost ~]# pvs
50. PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
51. /dev/sda13 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M
52. /dev/sda14 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M
53. /dev/sda15 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M
54. [root@localhost ~]# pvs -v
55. Scanning for physical volume names
56. Wiping cache of LVM-capable devices
57. PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree DevSize PV UUID
58. /dev/sda13 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M 86.26M lKGamq-tlEi-dodU-9zjZ-pZr0-5p2q-NpGqmu
59. /dev/sda14 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M 86.26M zlKivB-rB69-TQdW-qnKv-Fmbr-VTPU-krefuc
60. /dev/sda15 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M 86.26M xhz0dv-rJJ2-PJUa-EfJT-bINn-zMSW-GZlFYT
61. [root@localhost ~]# pvs -o pv_name
62. PV
63. /dev/sda13
64. /dev/sda14
65. /dev/sda15
66. [root@localhost ~]# pvs -o pv_name,dev_size
67. PV DevSize
68. /dev/sda13 86.26M
69. /dev/sda14 86.26M
70. /dev/sda15 86.26M
71. [root@localhost ~]# pvs -o +pv_uuid
72. PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree PV UUID
73. /dev/sda13 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M lKGamq-tlEi-dodU-9zjZ-pZr0-5p2q-NpGqmu
74. /dev/sda14 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M zlKivB-rB69-TQdW-qnKv-Fmbr-VTPU-krefuc
75. /dev/sda15 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M xhz0dv-rJJ2-PJUa-EfJT-bINn-zMSW-GZlFYT
76. [root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sda13
77. Labels on physical volume "/dev/sda13" successfully wiped
78. [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda13
79. Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda13"
80. Physical volume "/dev/sda13" successfully created
81. [root@localhost ~]# pvs
82. PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
83. /dev/sda13 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M
84. /dev/sda14 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M
85. /dev/sda15 lvm2 a-- 86.26M 86.26M

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda{13,14,15}
  Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda13"
  Physical volume "/dev/sda13" successfully created
  Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda14"
  Physical volume "/dev/sda14" successfully created
  Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda15"
  Physical volume "/dev/sda15" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/sda13                      lvm2 [86.26 MB]
  PV /dev/sda14                      lvm2 [86.26 MB]
  PV /dev/sda15                      lvm2 [86.26 MB]
  Total: 3 [258.77 MB] / in use: 0 [0   ] / in no VG: 3 [258.77 MB]
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
  "/dev/sda13" is a new physical volume of "86.26 MB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda13
  VG Name               
  PV Size               86.26 MB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size (KByte)       0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               lKGamq-tlEi-dodU-9zjZ-pZr0-5p2q-NpGqmu
   
  "/dev/sda14" is a new physical volume of "86.26 MB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda14
  VG Name               
  PV Size               86.26 MB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size (KByte)       0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               zlKivB-rB69-TQdW-qnKv-Fmbr-VTPU-krefuc
   
  "/dev/sda15" is a new physical volume of "86.26 MB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda15
  VG Name               
  PV Size               86.26 MB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size (KByte)       0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               xhz0dv-rJJ2-PJUa-EfJT-bINn-zMSW-GZlFYT
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
  PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree 
  /dev/sda13      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M
  /dev/sda14      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M
  /dev/sda15      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M
[root@localhost ~]# pvs -v
    Scanning for physical volume names
    Wiping cache of LVM-capable devices
  PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree  DevSize PV UUID                               
  /dev/sda13      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M  86.26M lKGamq-tlEi-dodU-9zjZ-pZr0-5p2q-NpGqmu
  /dev/sda14      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M  86.26M zlKivB-rB69-TQdW-qnKv-Fmbr-VTPU-krefuc
  /dev/sda15      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M  86.26M xhz0dv-rJJ2-PJUa-EfJT-bINn-zMSW-GZlFYT
[root@localhost ~]# pvs -o pv_name
  PV        
  /dev/sda13
  /dev/sda14
  /dev/sda15
[root@localhost ~]# pvs -o pv_name,dev_size
  PV         DevSize
  /dev/sda13  86.26M
  /dev/sda14  86.26M
  /dev/sda15  86.26M
[root@localhost ~]# pvs -o +pv_uuid
  PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree  PV UUID                               
  /dev/sda13      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M lKGamq-tlEi-dodU-9zjZ-pZr0-5p2q-NpGqmu
  /dev/sda14      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M zlKivB-rB69-TQdW-qnKv-Fmbr-VTPU-krefuc
  /dev/sda15      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M xhz0dv-rJJ2-PJUa-EfJT-bINn-zMSW-GZlFYT
[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sda13
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sda13" successfully wiped
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda13
  Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda13"
  Physical volume "/dev/sda13" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
  PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree 
  /dev/sda13      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M
  /dev/sda14      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M
  /dev/sda15      lvm2 a--  86.26M 86.26M

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/szwenfang/archive/2012/11/07/2759256.html