1、如果想得到一个列表的index和内容,可以通过enumerate快速实现
drinks = ['coffee','tea', 'milk', 'water'] for index, drink in enumerate(drinks): print ('Item {} is {}'.format(index, drink)) #Result # Item 0 is coffee # Item 1 is tea # Item 2 is milk # Item 3 is water
2、Python 中的set, 是一个无序不重复元素集,可以非常方便的进行关系测试和消除重复元素
# deduplicate a list fast print (set(['ham', 'eggs','bacon','ham'])) # Result # {'ham', 'eggs', 'bacon'}
# compare list to find difference/similarities # {} without "key":"value" pairs makes a set menu = {'pancakes', 'ham', 'eggs', 'bacon'} new_menu = {'coffee', 'ham', 'eggs', 'bagels', 'bacon'} new_items = new_menu.difference(menu) print ('try our new', ', '.join(new_items)) # Result: try our new coffee, bagels discontinued_items = menu.difference(new_menu) print ('sorry, we no longer have', ', '.join(discontinued_items)) # Result: sorry, we no longer have panckes
old_items = new_menu.intersection(menu) print ('Or get the same old', ', '.join(old_items)) # Result: Or ger the same old eggs, ham, bacon full_menu = new_menu.union(menu) print ('At one time or another, we have served ', ','.join(full_menu))
3、namedtuple 生成可以使用名字来访问元素内容的tuple 子类,非常方便
import collectionshttp: LightObject = collections.namedtuple('LightObject', ['shortname', 'otherprop']) n = LightObject(shortname = 'something', otherprop = 'something else') n.shortname # something
4、deque 双段队列,最大好处就是可以从头部添加和删除对象 popleft()、 appendleft()
import collections d = collections.deque('123456') print d.popleft() # '1' d.appendleft('7') print d # deque(['7','2','3','4','5','6'])
5、Counter 同样是collections 中的,主要用来计数
import collections c = collections.Counter('abcab') print c #Couner({'a':2,'b':2,'c':1}
elements 方法返回一个迭代器,将生成Counter 知道的所有元素;most_common(n)生成一个序列,包含最常用的输入值及相应计数