我们在编写bash脚本的时候,经常需要替换掉字符窗中特殊的字符,我们看看有几种方法可以实现。
- 最常用的方法是使用sed命令。例如
[nhuang@localhost test]$ a="This is a / and you will know /" ; echo "$a" | sed "s/\//\\\\\//g" This is a \/ and you will know \/
但是相当复杂,应为在替换部分要使用双反斜杠,"\\\\\/",而不是"\\\/",为什么呢?应为在escape"\“的时候,必须要使用"\\",而不是对待"/"的"\/"。例如
[nhuang@localhost test]$ a="This is a / and you will know /" ; echo "$a" | sed -s "s/\//\//g" This is a / and you will know / [nhuang@localhost test]$ a="This is a / and you will know /" ; echo "$a" | sed -s "s/\//\\\\/g" This is a \ and you will know \ [nhuang@localhost test]$ a="This is a / and you will know /" ; echo "$a" | sed -s "s/\//\\/g" sed: -e expression #1, char 8: unterminated `s' command
- 那么,第二种方法是什么呢?使用${}这个符号,例如:
[nhuang@localhost test]$ a="This is a / and you will know /" ; echo ${a//\//\\} This is a \ and you will know \ [nhuang@localhost test]$ a="This is a / and you will know /" ; echo ${a//\//\\\/} This is a \/ and you will know \/
这里,我们不再需要使用"\\"了,而是正常的使用正则表达式。所以,第二种方法,最为方便。如果使用expr substr,则会把问题复杂化。dan
- 但是,如果要同时替换多个不同位置的字符串,例如"/", "\", "?",等,要在他们前面都加上反斜杠,使用sed,用-e,或者"{;}"来操作。
[nhuang@localhost test]$ str="asdasdf / asdfasdf / asdf,adf" ; echo $str | sed "{s/\//\\\\\//g;s/,/:/g}" asdasdf \/ asdfasdf \/ asdf:adf
- 我们也可以使用多次的${}来做替换,例如:
[nhuang@localhost test]$ str="This is / and This is & " ; str=`echo ${str//\//\\\/}` ; str=`echo ${str//&/\\\&}` ; echo $str This is \/ and This is \& [nhuang@localhost test]$ str="This is / and This is \\" ; str=`echo ${str//\//\\\/}` ; str=`echo ${str//\\\/\\\\\\\}` ; echo $str This is \\/ and This is \\ [nhuang@localhost test]$ str="This is / and This is \ " ; str=`echo ${str//\//\\\/}` ; str=`echo ${str//\\\/\\\\\\\}` ; echo $str This is \\/ and This is \\
第二个和第三个有点复杂:(,
资料:
http://www.cnblogs.com/frydsh/p/3261012.html