java生成zipf分布,Zipf分布：如何测量Zipf分布

How do I measure or find the Zipf distribution ? For example, I have a corpus of english words. How do I find the Zipf distribution ? I need to find the Zipf ditribution and then plot a graph of it. But I am stuck in the first step which is to find the Zipf distribution.

Edit: From the frequency count of each word, it is clear that it obeys the Zipf law. But my aim is to plot a zipf distribution graph. I have no idea about how to calculate the data for the distribution graph

解决方案

I don't pretend to understand statistics. However, based upon reading from scipy site, here is a naive attempt in python.

Build Data

First we get our data. For example we download data from National Library of Medicine MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) ASCII file d2016.bin (28 MB).

Next, we open file, convert to string.

open_file = open('d2016.bin', 'r')

file_to_string = open_file.read()

Next we locate individual words in the file and separate out words.

words = re.findall(r'(\b[A-Za-z][a-z]{2,9}\b)', file_to_string)

Finally we prepare a dict with unique words as key and word count as values.

for word in words:

count = frequency.get(word,0)

frequency[word] = count + 1

Build zipf distribution data

For speed purpose we limit data to 1000 words.

n = 1000

frequency = {key:value for key,value in frequency.items()[0:n]}

After that we get frequency of values , convert to numpy array and use numpy.random.zipf function to draw samples from a zipf distribution.

Distribution parameter a =2. as a sample as it needs to be greater than 1.

For visibility purpose we limit data to 50 sample points.

s = frequency.values()

s = np.array(s)

count, bins, ignored = plt.hist(s[s<50], 50, normed=True)

x = np.arange(1., 50.)

y = x**(-a) / special.zetac(a)

And finally plot the data.

Putting All Together

import re

from operator import itemgetter

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy import special

import numpy as np

#Get our corpus of medical words

frequency = {}

open_file = open('d2016.bin', 'r')

file_to_string = open_file.read()

words = re.findall(r'(\b[A-Za-z][a-z]{2,9}\b)', file_to_string)

#build dict of words based on frequency

for word in words:

count = frequency.get(word,0)

frequency[word] = count + 1

#limit words to 1000

n = 1000

frequency = {key:value for key,value in frequency.items()[0:n]}

#convert value of frequency to numpy array

s = frequency.values()

s = np.array(s)

#Calculate zipf and plot the data

a = 2. # distribution parameter

count, bins, ignored = plt.hist(s[s<50], 50, normed=True)

x = np.arange(1., 50.)

y = x**(-a) / special.zetac(a)

plt.plot(x, y/max(y), linewidth=2, color='r')

plt.show()

Plot