Puzzles

Puzzles

Barney lives in country USC (United States of Charzeh). USC has n cities numbered from 1 through n and n - 1 roads between them. Cities and roads of USC form a rooted tree (Barney's not sure why it is rooted). Root of the tree is the city number 1. Thus if one will start his journey from city 1, he can visit any city he wants by following roads.

Some girl has stolen Barney's heart, and Barney wants to find her. He starts looking for in the root of the tree and (since he is Barney Stinson not a random guy), he uses a random DFS to search in the cities. A pseudo code of this algorithm is as follows:

let starting_time be an array of length n
current_time = 0
dfs(v):
	current_time = current_time + 1
	starting_time[v] = current_time
	shuffle children[v] randomly (each permutation with equal possibility)
	// children[v] is vector of children cities of city v
	for u in children[v]:
		dfs(u)

As told before, Barney will start his journey in the root of the tree (equivalent to call dfs(1)).

Now Barney needs to pack a backpack and so he wants to know more about his upcoming journey: for every city i, Barney wants to know the expected value of starting_time[i]. He's a friend of Jon Snow and knows nothing, that's why he asked for your help.

Input

The first line of input contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10⁵) — the number of cities in USC.

The second line contains n - 1 integers p₂, p₃, ..., p_n (1 ≤ p_i < i), where p_i is the number of the parent city of city number i in the tree, meaning there is a road between cities numbered p_i and i in USC.

Output

In the first and only line of output print n numbers, where i-th number is the expected value of starting_time[i].

Your answer for each city will be considered correct if its absolute or relative error does not exceed 10^- 6.

Examples

Input

7
1 2 1 1 4 4

Output

1.0 4.0 5.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 

Input

12
1 1 2 2 4 4 3 3 1 10 8

Output

1.0 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 7.0 7.5 6.5 7.5 8.0 
分析:不是太懂，貌似不在当前节点的子树中，却在他父亲的子树中的节点，先比他拜访的概率是0.5；
　　　官方题解：http://codeforces.com/blog/entry/46031
代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <climits>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <ext/rope>
#define rep(i,m,n) for(i=m;i<=n;i++)
#define rsp(it,s) for(set<int>::iterator it=s.begin();it!=s.end();it++)
#define vi vector<int>
#define pii pair<int,int>
#define mod 1000000007
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define ll long long
#define pi acos(-1.0)
const int maxn=1e5+10;
const int dis[4][2]={{0,1},{-1,0},{0,-1},{1,0}};
using namespace std;
using namespace __gnu_cxx;
ll gcd(ll p,ll q){return q==0?p:gcd(q,p%q);}
ll qpow(ll p,ll q){ll f=1;while(q){if(q&1)f=f*p;p=p*p;q>>=1;}return f;}
int n,m,child[maxn],fa[maxn];
double vis[maxn];
vi p[maxn];
int dfs(int now)
{
    int cnt=0;
    for(int x:p[now])cnt+=dfs(x);
    return child[now]=cnt+1;
}
void work(int now)
{
    if(now!=1)
        vis[now]=vis[fa[now]]+1+(child[fa[now]]-child[now]-1)/2.0;
    for(int x:p[now])work(x);
}
int main()
{
    int i,j,k,t;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    rep(i,2,n)scanf("%d",&k),p[k].pb(i),fa[i]=k;
    vis[1]=1.0;
    dfs(1);
    work(1);
    rep(i,1,n)printf("%g ",vis[i]);
    //system ("pause");
    return 0;
}

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/dyzll/p/5672747.html