数学公式测试

\[\begin{aligned} &\int_\Omega u_{tt}(h(x)\cdot \nabla u){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x\\ =&\frac{{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}}}{{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} t}\int_\Omega u_t(h(x)\cdot \nabla u){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x-\int_\Omega u_t (h(x)\cdot \nabla u){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x\\ =&\frac{{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}}}{{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} t}\int_\Omega u_t(h(x)\cdot \nabla u){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x-\frac12 \int_\Omega h(x)\cdot \nabla |u_t|^2 {\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x. \end{aligned}\]
由于\(\int_a^b f(x) {\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x=F(b)-F(a)\), 于是
\[\begin{aligned} &\int_\Omega h(x)\cdot \nabla |u_t|^2{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x=\sum_i^N\int_\Omega h_i\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}|u_t|^2 {\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x\\ =&\sum_i^N\int_{\partial\Omega}h_i |u_t|^2 \nu_i{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} S-\sum_i^N\int_\Omega |u_t|^2 \frac{\partial h_i}{\partial x_i}{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x\\ =&0-\int_\Omega (\nabla \cdot h)|u_t|^2 {\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x, \end{aligned}\]
所以最终有
\[\begin{aligned} &\int_\Omega u_{tt}(h(x)\cdot \nabla u){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x\\ =&\frac{{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}}}{{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} t}\int_\Omega u_t(h(x)\cdot \nabla u){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x+\frac12 \int_\Omega (\nabla \cdot h)|u_t|^2 {\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x. \end{aligned}\]

由于在\(\partial \Omega\) 上\(u=0\), 所以\(\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}=\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}\nu_i\), 即
\[\nabla u=\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}\nu\quad \textrm{并且}\quad |\nabla u|^2=\left|\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}\right|^2.\]
一方面,
\[\begin{aligned} A_1&=-\int_{\partial \Omega}(h(x)\cdot \nabla u)(\nabla u\cdot \nu ){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} S\\ &=-\int_{\partial \Omega}\left(h(x)\cdot \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}\nu\right)\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} S\\ &=-\int_{\partial \Omega}\left|\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}\right|^2(h(x)\cdot \nu){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} S. \end{aligned}\]
另一方面,
\[\begin{aligned} A_2&=\int_\Omega \nabla u\cdot \nabla (h(x)\cdot \nabla u){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x\\ &=\sum_i^N\sum_j^N \int_\Omega \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}\left(h_j\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_j}\right){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x\\ &=\sum_i^N\sum_j^N \int_\Omega \left[\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial h_j}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_j}+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_j}\left(\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}\right)h_j\right]{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x\\ &=\sum_i^N\sum_j^N \left(\int_\Omega \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial h_j}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_j} {\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x +\frac12 \int_\Omega h_j \frac{\partial}{\partial x_j}\left(\left|\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}\right|^2\right){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x \right)\\ &=\sum_i^N\sum_j^N \int_\Omega \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial h_j}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_j} {\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x+\frac12 \int_\Omega h\cdot \nabla (|\nabla u|^2){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x\\ &=\sum_i^N\sum_j^N \int_\Omega \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial h_j}{\partial x_i}\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_j} {\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x +\frac12 \int_{\partial\Omega}\left|\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}\right|^2(h(x)\cdot \nu){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} S \\ &-\frac12 \int_\Omega |\nabla u|^2(\nabla \cdot h){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x. \end{aligned}\]
所以
\[\begin{aligned} &-\int_\Omega {\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} u(h(x)\cdot \nabla u){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x\\ =&-\frac12 \int_\Omega (\nabla \cdot h)|\nabla u|^2{\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x-\frac12 \int_{\partial\Omega}\left|\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}\right|^2(h(x)\cdot \nu){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} S+\sum_{i,j}^N u_{x_i}u_{x_j}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}h_j(x){\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}} x. \end{aligned}\]

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunfenglong/p/11335955.html