What is a Delegate?

//Define a delegate type with no return value and no parameters.
delegate void PrintFunction();

class Test
{
    public void Print1()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Print1 - instance");
    }
    public static void Print2()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Print2 - static");
    }
}

namespace ConsoleApplication5
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Test t = new Test();    //Create a test class instance.
            PrintFunction pf;   //Create a null delegate.
         
            pf = t.Print1;  //Instantiate and initialize the delegate.

            //Add three more methods to the delegate.
            /* In reality, because delegates are immuateble, the resulting delegate with four methods in its invocation list 
             * is an entirely new delegate pointed at by the variable. What is actually happening, of coures, is that when the
             * += operator is used, a new delegate is created, with an invocation list that is combination of the delegate on
             * left plus the method listed on the right. This new delegate is then assigned to the pf variable.
             */

            pf += Test.Print2;
            pf += t.Print1;
            pf += Test.Print2;

            //The delegate now contains four methods.

            if (null != pf)      //Make sure the delegate isn't null.
                pf();           //Invoke the delegate.
            else
                Console.WriteLine("Delegate is empty!");

            //Remove the method Print1 from the delegate.
            /*If there are multiple entries for a method in the invacation list, the -= operator stats searching at the bottom
             *of the list and removes the first instance of the matching method it finds.
             *Attempting to delete a method that is not in the delegate has no effect.
             *Attempting to invoke an empty delegate throws an exception.
             *You can check whether a delegate's invocation list is empty by comparing the delegation to null.
             *If the invocation list is empty, the delegate is null.
             */
            pf -= t.Print1;

            if (null != pf)
                pf();
            else
                Console.WriteLine("Delegate is empty!");

            
            //Combining Delegates
            /* Notice that the operand delegates remain unchanged.*/
            PrintFunction mypf1,mypf2;

            mypf1 = Test.Print2;
            mypf2 = pf + mypf1;     //Has combined invocation list.  

          
            if (null != pf)
                mypf2();
            else
                Console.WriteLine("Delegate is empty!");

        }
    }
}

A delegate is a user-defined type, like a class. But whereas a class represents a collection of data, a delegate keeps track of one or more methods. You use a delegate by doing the following.

1. Declare a new delegate type with a particular signature and return type. A delegate declaration looks like a method declaratcion, except that it doesn't have an implementation block.
2. Declare a delegate variable of the new delegate type.
3. Create an object of the delegate type, and assign it to the delegate variable. The new delegate object includes a reference to a method with the same signature as defined in the first step.
4. Add addtional methods into the delegate object. These methods must have the same signature and return type defined in the first step.
5. Throughout your code you can then invoke the delegate, just as if it were a method. When you invoke the delegate, each of the methods it contains is exectued.

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/limeina/p/3578881.html