JS数组用法总结

01.创建数组

var mArray = [];
var mArray = new Array();


var mArray = new Array(size); 


var mArray = [element_0, element_1, ..., element_n];
var mArray = new Array(element_0, element_1, ..., element_n);

02.数组赋值

var mArray = new Array("AA");
mArray[0] = "BB"; //mArray:["BB"],mArray.length:1
mArray[1] = "CC"; //mArray:["BB", "CC"],mArray.length:2
mArray[3] = "DD"; //mArray:["BB", "CC", undefined, "DD"],mArray.length:4

var mArray = new Array("AA");
mArray.unshift("BB");       //mArray:["BB", "AA"],mArray.length:2
mArray.unshift("CC", "DD"); //mArray:["CC", "DD", "BB", "AA"],mArray.length:4

var mArray = new Array("AA");
mArray.push("BB");         //mArray:["AA", "BB"],mArray.length:2
mArray.push("CC", "DD");   //mArray:["AA", "BB", "CC", "DD"],mArray.length:4

var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB", "CC");
mArray.splice(1, 0, "DD", "EE"); //mArray:["AA", , "BB", "CC"]


var mArray = new Array("AA");
mArray.length = 3; //mArray:["AA", undefined, undefined],mArray.length:3

03.删除数组元素

var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB");
var item   = mArray.pop(); //mArray:["AA"],mArray.length:1,item:"BB"
var item   = mArray.pop(); //mArray:[],mArray.length:0,item:"AA"
var item   = mArray.pop(); //mArray:[],mArray.length:0,item:undefined 


var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB");
var item   = mArray.shift(); //mArray:["BB"],mArray.length:1,item:"AA"
var item   = mArray.shift(); //mArray:[],mArray.length:0,item:"BB"
var item   = mArray.shift(); //mArray:[],mArray.length:0,item:undefined
var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE");
var ret    = mArray.splice(1, 2);//mArray:["AA", "DD", "EE"],ret:["BB", "CC"]
var ret    = mArray.splice(1);   //mArray:["AA"],ret:["DD", "EE"]


var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE");
mArray.length = 2; //mArray:["AA", "BB"],mArray.length:2

04.数组元素的遍历访问

var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE");


for (var i = 0; i < mArray.length; i++) {
    console.log(mArray[i]);
}


for (var i in mArray) {
    console.log("mArray[" + i.toString() + "] =", mArray[i]);
}

05.数组操作

var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE");
var sArray = mArray.slice(1, 3);
此时mArray的值为：["AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE"]
此时sArray的值为：["BB", "CC"]


var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB");
var sArray = mArray.concat("CC", "DD", ["EE"], ["FF", "GG"], "HH");
此时mArray的值为：["AA", "BB"]
此时sArray的值为：["AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE", "FF", "GG", "HH"]

06.数组深拷贝

var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE");
var sArray = mArray.slice(0);
mArray[0]  = "FF";
sArray[0]  = "GG";
此时mArray的值为：["FF", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE"]
此时sArray的值为：["GG", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE"]


var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE");
var sArray = mArray.concat();
mArray[0]  = "HH";
sArray[0]  = "II";
此时mArray的值为：["HH", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE"]
此时sArray的值为：["II", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE"]

07.数组排序

var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE");
mArray.reverse(); //mArray:["EE", "DD", "CC", "BB", "AA"]


var mArray = new Array("EE", "CC", "DD", "AA", "BB");
function sortAscending(a, b) {
    //该函数的作用使得数组中的元素按递增的顺序排序
    return (a > b)?1:-1;
}
mArray.sort(sortAscending); //mArray:["AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE"]

var mArray = new Array("EE", "CC", "DD", "AA", "BB");
function sortDecreasing(a, b) {
    //该函数的作用使得数组中的元素按递减的顺序排序
    return (a > b)?-1:1;
}
mArray.sort(sortDecreasing); //mArray:["EE", "DD", "CC", "BB", "AA"]

08.数组其他方法

简单类型示例：
var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE");
var str    = mArray.join("#");   //str:"AA#BB#CC#DD#EE"

复杂类型示例：
function testItem(a, b) {
    this.a = a;
    this.b = b;
}
testItem.prototype.toString = function () {
    return "{" + this.a + "|" + this.b + "}";
}

var aa = new testItem("AA", "BB");
var bb = new testItem("CC", "DD");

var mArray = new Array(aa, bb, "EE", "FF");
var str = mArray.join("#"); //str:"{AA|BB}#{CC|DD}#EE#FF"

09.对使用数组的辅助说明

var mArray = new Array("AA", "BB");
function demoFunc(arr) {
    //arr作为传入的数组类型，函数内直接对原数组操作
    arr.push("CC", "DD", "EE");
}
demoFunc(mArray); //mArray:["AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE"]

参考文档

1. http://www.w3school.com.cn/js/js_obj_array.asp
2. http://www.w3school.com.cn/jsref/jsref_obj_array.asp

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/motadou/archive/2011/01/15/1936486.html